The 'Shikhar' is a feature of later Hindu temple architecture. No structural temples have been excavated in the Indus Civilization; their spiritual life likely focused on nature, water (Great Bath), and figurines.
13632
Which Harappan city is unique for lacking a fortified citadel?
Unlike other major cities that were divided into a fortified 'Citadel' (upper town) and a 'Lower Town', Chanhudaro was a single unfortified area, primarily serving as an industrial center for artisans.
13633
What is the literal translation of the Sindhi name 'Mohenjo-daro'?
The name is derived from the Sindhi language, where 'Mohen' refers to Krishna (or a name) and 'daro' means mound, but it is universally interpreted in archaeology as the 'Mound of the Dead Men' due to the layers of habitation found there.
13634
Despite high standardization in weights and bricks, the Harappan Civilization showed a lack of uniformity in which area?
Harappan burial customs varied significantly across regions. While extended burial in pits was common, other methods like urn burials, pot burials, and joint burials (found at Lothal) show a lack of strict uniformity compared to their standardized weights.
13635
Which sequence correctly represents the chronological order of excavation for these major Indus sites?
Harappa was the first to be excavated (1921 by Daya Ram Sahni), followed by Mohenjo-Daro (1922 by R.D. Banerji), Chanhudaro (1931 by N.G. Majumdar), and Lothal much later (1957 by S.R. Rao).
13636
Harappan weaponry and tools were primarily manufactured from which materials?
The Harappans belonged to the Bronze Age. They used tools made of copper and bronze (an alloy of copper and tin). However, stone tools (lithic blades) continued to be used alongside metal ones. Iron was unknown to them.
13637
Which of the following claims about Harappan religious practices is incorrect?
Unlike ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, no distinct temple structures have been found in the Indus Valley. Worship appears to have been private or conducted in open areas/bathing pools rather than in monumental temples housing idols.
13638
Which of the following groups of cereals were cultivated by the Harappan civilization?
Wheat and barley were the staple crops. However, evidence suggests they also cultivated millets (especially in Gujarat) and, to a lesser/debated extent, rice (found in Lothal and Rangpur), making 'All of the above' or the combination the inclusive answer.
13639
Which structure is identified as the largest building within the Mohenjo-daro complex?
Although the Great Bath is the most famous, the Granary is the largest building in Mohenjo-daro. It was a massive brick structure likely used for storing grain, which was a form of currency and tax.
13640
What was the primary material used by the Indus Valley people to craft everyday utensils?
While the Harappans knew metallurgy, the vast majority of everyday utensils were made of pottery (clay). Wheel-turned, heavy, and utilitarian terracotta pots were used for cooking and storage.
