Lothal is famous for housing the world's earliest known dockyard. This brick structure connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river, establishing a vital trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the Saurashtra peninsula when the surrounding Kutch desert was part of the Arabian Sea.

While the two major capitals (Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro) are in Pakistan, the highest number of total sites discovered so far are located in India (e.g., in Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan).

Chanhudaro yielded evidence of cosmetics use, including a lipstick-like object, highlighting the grooming culture of the time.

It was named so because the initial major sites (like Mohenjo-Daro) were discovered along the banks of the Indus River system.

A terracotta toy model of a plough was found at Banawali (Haryana), indicating the use of ploughs in agriculture.

Dholavira is situated on Khadir Bet in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat.

Based on the large number of female 'Mother Goddess' figurines found, many historians believe the society may have been matriarchal.

Charles Masson was the first European explorer to document the ruins of Harappa in his narrative in 1826/1842.

The pigeon (or dove) was a common bird depicted in art and likely held religious significance.

Fire altars, suggesting ritualistic fire worship, were found at Kalibangan and Lothal.