The cardinal principles guiding Pakistan's foreign policy, anchored in national security doctrine and Article 40 of the Constitution of Pakistan, prioritize the defense and preservation of the country's national independence, state sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity.
282
The recent earthquake of October, 2005 was result of:
The devastating magnitude 7.6 earthquake on October 8, 2005, centered near Muzaffarabad in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, was caused by tectonic fault rupture and dislocation along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Balakot-Bagh fault lines as a result of the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
283
NHA is custodian of 39 national highways / motorways / expressway / strategic routes having a total length of:
At the time of the 2006 CSS examination, the total road network managed by the National Highway Authority (NHA) was approximately 9,460 km (which later expanded to over 12,000 km and currently exceeds 14,000+ km). None of the exact figures in options (a), (b), or (c) matched the official statistics of that period.
284
A Bahauddin Zakariya University archaeologist has discovered a prehistoric cave known as:
Field surveys and excavations conducted by archaeologists from Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, identified prehistoric rock shelters and cave sites containing Stone Age tools and rock engravings in the Salt Range / Namal Valley region of Mianwali district.
285
The Pakistan Forest Institute, a national organization was established in:
The Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI) was founded in 1947 immediately following independence to conduct forestry research and train professional foresters. It operated temporarily in Faisalabad and Murree before establishing its permanent central campus at the University of Peshawar.
Agriculture in Pakistan is heavily characterized by smallholder farming, where over 85% of agricultural holdings are under 5 hectares (12.5 acres). Continuous subdivision of ancestral land across generations has led to severe land fragmentation.
287
The Salt Range lies in the large accumulation of pure salt at Khewra and:
The Salt Range is a prominent geological formation in northern Punjab spanning from the Jhelum River in the east to the Indus River at Kalabagh (Mianwali District) in the west. Major rock salt deposits and open-cast salt mines exist at both Khewra (Jhelum) and Kalabagh.
Geologically, the Himalayan mountain range was created by the collision between the Indo-Australian tectonic plate and the Eurasian tectonic plate. This tectonic compression folded and uplifted the thick marine sedimentary layers that had accumulated over millions of years within the ancient Tethys Ocean (Tethys Geosyncline).
289
Junagadh was a small maritime state and had an area of:
Junagadh was a princely coastal state situated on the Kathiawar peninsula in Gujarat along the Arabian Sea, covering an area of approximately 3,337 square miles (8,643 km²). In September 1947, its ruler Nawab Mahabat Khan III signed the instrument of accession to Pakistan before it was militarily surrounded and annexed by India in November 1947.
290
On 7th August, Muhammad Ali Jinnah left India for the last time and flew to:
On August 7, 1947, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, accompanied by his sister Fatima Jinnah, flew from New Delhi to Karachi (the chosen federal capital of the new state) to assume office as the first Governor-General of Pakistan ahead of independence on August 14.
