The Judicial Commission of Pakistan is the constitutional body established under Article 175A to recommend appointments of judges to the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
The Supreme Judicial Council, established under Article 209, is the sole constitutional forum tasked with the accountability of superior court judges, representing a critical mechanism of judicial review and discipline.
Article 48 of the Constitution of Pakistan mandates that the President shall act in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or the Prime Minister, defining the limits of executive authority.
The NPT is the cornerstone of global nuclear governance, establishing a framework to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons while promoting peaceful nuclear energy and disarmament.
MAD relies on the credible threat of a retaliatory second-strike capability, ensuring that any initial nuclear aggression results in the total destruction of both the attacker and the defender.
The IAEA is the central intergovernmental organization within the UN system responsible for monitoring nuclear activities and ensuring that nuclear materials are used exclusively for peaceful purposes.
The Marrakesh Agreement (1994) replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) with the World Trade Organization (WTO), providing a more robust legal and institutional framework for international trade.
The ILO was established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles, functioning as an agency of the League of Nations before becoming the first specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946.
The power to enter into international treaties is an executive function of the Federal Government, derived from the executive authority of the Federation as outlined in the Constitution of Pakistan.
The ILO Fundamental Conventions establish core labour standards, which include the elimination of forced labour, freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining, and the elimination of discrimination in employment.
