The Marrakesh Agreement (1994) replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) with the World Trade Organization (WTO), providing a more robust legal and institutional framework for international trade.
The ILO was established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles, functioning as an agency of the League of Nations before becoming the first specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946.
The power to enter into international treaties is an executive function of the Federal Government, derived from the executive authority of the Federation as outlined in the Constitution of Pakistan.
The ILO Fundamental Conventions establish core labour standards, which include the elimination of forced labour, freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining, and the elimination of discrimination in employment.
Article 2(1) of the UN Charter explicitly states that the Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members, serving as a foundational pillar of global governance.
The ICJ is established by the UN Charter as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, with its Statute forming an integral part of the Charter.
Article 24 of the UN Charter confers upon the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, distinguishing its mandate from the deliberative role of the General Assembly.
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council that involves a review of the human rights records of all UN member states.
While the UDHR was adopted as a non-binding declaration, its provisions have gained the status of customary international law, influencing national constitutions and international human rights treaties.
