Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

The Government of Pakistan included the Thar Coalfield development in its 2009 Power Generation Policy to tap indigenous lignite reserves for electricity generation.

The 7th National Finance Commission Award was signed on 30 December 2009 and came into effect on 1 July 2010, marking its formal commencement in 2010. [3](https://pakmcqs.com/past-papers/css-past-papers-mcqs/css-current-affairs-past-paper-mcqs/css-2025-current-affairs-past-paper-mcqs/7th-nfc-award-was-signed-in)

Article 25A mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 5 to 16 years in Pakistan.

The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan declared Urdu as the national language, with provisions to promote its use for official purposes.

Urdu is designated as the national language of Pakistan, serving as a unifying medium among the country’s diverse linguistic groups.

Making Sense of Pakistan (published in 2009 by Hurst & Publishers / Columbia University Press) was written by political scientist Dr. Farzana Shaikh, exploring how contested debates on national identity, Islamic statehood, and institutional power dynamics have shaped Pakistan's state and society.

This question duplicates Q17 from the same year, likely a document error. The 1956 Constitution declared both Urdu and Bengali as national languages. The original answer (c) was correct, and the question is retained as per the document.

The 1956 Constitution declared both Urdu and Bengali as national languages to accommodate East and West Pakistan’s linguistic diversity. The original question and answer were correct.

 Maulana Jauhar launched the Urdu weekly Al-Hilal in 1912 to champion Muslim political rights under British rule.