Vessel elements possess end-wall perforation plates forming continuous vessels and are characteristic of angiosperm xylem, whereas tracheids lack perforation plates.
3
Which component of plant water potential becomes more negative when solute concentration inside a cell increases?
Incomplete dominance produces an intermediate phenotype (pink) in heterozygotes, unlike codominance where both parental phenotypes are expressed together.
5
Which plant hormone is chiefly responsible for cell elongation in shoot apices and mediates phototropic responses?
Iron is relatively immobile in the phloem, so deficiency symptoms such as interveinal chlorosis appear first on young leaves where iron is required for chlorophyll synthesis.
8
In angiosperm seeds, which tissue develops predominantly into the nutritive tissue that surrounds the embryo in the mature seed?
In angiosperms double fertilization produces endosperm, which typically develops as the main nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo in the mature seed.
9
Which pigment is the primary reaction-center chlorophyll in oxygenic photosynthesis and plays the central role in converting light energy into chemical energy?
Chlorophyll a is the primary reaction-center pigment in oxygenic photosynthesis and is essential for the initial light-driven electron transfer reactions.
10
Double fertilization, in which one sperm fertilizes the egg and another fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm, is a hallmark of which plant group?
