Hazrat Umar (R.A) formalized the state administration, establishing the Diwan to maintain records of soldiers and stipends, and setting up a public treasury (Bayt al-Mal).

The transfer sparked protests in Egypt, as many considered the islands Egyptian, though the government argued they were Saudi territory under Egyptian administration.

Bolivia claimed the Silala was a spring, while Chile argued it was an international river. The ICJ ruled in 2022 that it is an international watercourse.

Located in the Black Sea, Snake Island was captured by Russia (famous for the 'Russian warship, go f*** yourself' incident) and later retaken by Ukraine.

The dispute was resolved in 2022. Before that, the two nations would leave bottles of whisky or schnapps for each other on the island.

Mauritius claims sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago, which the UK detached before Mauritius' independence. The ICJ has ruled the UK administration unlawful.

Kashmir is the primary territorial dispute between India and Pakistan, with both claiming the region in full but ruling it in part, separated by the Line of Control (LoC).

Abandoning decades (or centuries) of non-alignment, Finland and Sweden sought NATO security guarantees following Russia's aggression.

Passed in November 2001, it federalized airport security and created the TSA.

The 2018 National Defense Strategy signaled a shift from counter-terrorism to Great Power Competition (Russia/China).