Faruqi is a leading Urdu critic and scholar noted for his analytical studies of classical forms and for reviving interest in traditional narratives and aesthetics.

Praetorianism denotes frequent military intervention and dominance in politics stemming from weak civilian control and institutions.

Dynamic equivalence emphasizes conveying meaning and natural target-language expression rather than strict literal correspondence.

Kurt Lewin introduced gatekeeping in social psychology (1947), and the concept was later applied to media and news selection by scholars like David Manning White.

Incorrect option selected; correct is a. (Note: The intended correct answer is that 'gender norms' are culturally prescribed behaviors and attitudes for genders.)

Incorrect option selected; correct is a. (Note: The intended correct answer is that GBV is any act of physical, sexual or psychological harm inflicted because of gender.)

Queer theory critiques fixed identity categories and emphasizes fluidity in sexual and gender identities.

Gender budgeting integrates gender equity into budgeting to ensure resources are allocated in ways that address differential needs and impacts.

Patriarchy is understood as a social system in which men hold primary power across institutions and social roles.

Gender mainstreaming means evaluating and integrating gender perspectives into all stages of policy and program development to promote equality.