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81
The Election Commission of Pakistan is established under which part of the Constitution of Pakistan?
Correct Option
Option B
Explanation
The Election Commission of Pakistan is established under Part VIII of the Constitution, which encompasses Articles 213 to 226, governing the constitutional mechanisms for elections.
Which of the following international legal frameworks provides the basis for the exercise of universal jurisdiction over specific heinous crimes?
Correct Option
Option C
Explanation
The Geneva Conventions establish the legal framework for humanitarian treatment in war and mandate that states prosecute individuals suspected of grave breaches, regardless of where the crime occurred.
Under the constitutional mechanisms of the United Nations, which body holds the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security?
Correct Option
Option A
Explanation
According to the UN Charter, the Security Council is the primary organ responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security, possessing the authority to issue binding resolutions.
Under the provisions of the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, which of the following river systems is categorized as part of the 'Western Rivers' allocated primarily for Pakistan's use?
Correct Option
Option D
Explanation
The treaty divides the Indus system into Eastern and Western rivers. The Western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) are allocated to Pakistan, while the Eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej) are allocated to India, subject to specific usage rights.
Which constitutional amendment in Pakistan significantly altered the federal-provincial power balance by devolving administrative and legislative authority over labor and social welfare to the provinces?
Correct Option
Option C
Explanation
The 18th Constitutional Amendment (2010) abolished the Concurrent Legislative List, thereby devolving the subject of labor and human resource development exclusively to provincial governments, fundamentally restructuring the governance framework of labor standards.
Which principle of international law asserts that a state has exclusive authority over its territory and domestic affairs, free from external interference?
Correct Option
Option A
Explanation
Westphalian sovereignty is the principle of international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, forming the basis of the modern state system.
Which of the following best describes the role of the World Bank as a signatory to the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty?
Correct Option
Option D
Explanation
The World Bank's role in the Indus Waters Treaty is that of a mediator and guarantor, ensuring that the treaty's provisions regarding water allocation and dispute resolution mechanisms are upheld by both India and Pakistan.
Which of the following best describes the primary mandate of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) under the United Nations Charter?
Correct Option
Option D
Explanation
The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN, tasked with settling legal disputes between states in accordance with international law and providing advisory opinions on legal questions referred by UN organs.
Which of the following institutions is primarily tasked with the promotion of international economic cooperation and the maintenance of global financial stability?
Correct Option
Option A
Explanation
The IMF is specifically mandated to oversee the international monetary system, promote exchange rate stability, and provide financial resources to countries to correct balance of payments imbalances, which is central to economic stabilization policies.
Which of the following mechanisms is primarily utilized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to support member countries facing balance of payments crises?
Correct Option
Option C
Explanation
The IMF provides financial assistance to countries experiencing balance of payments difficulties, typically conditioned on the implementation of economic stabilization policies and structural reforms monitored through regular surveillance.
