Verified past-paper data not yet uploaded
No verified paper has been uploaded for CSS Paper Geology 2009 MCQs yet. The MCQs below are drawn from the Geology subject category.
Dr. Shamshad Akhtar served as the 14th Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan from 2006 to 2009, making her the first woman to lead the country's central bank.
The Geoscience Advance Research Laboratories were established in Islamabad to facilitate advanced research in geology and related scientific fields.
Mohammad Yahya Maroofi, an Afghan diplomat, served as the Secretary-General of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) starting in 2009, overseeing regional integration efforts.
The 'Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act' (Kerry-Lugar-Berman) was a major U.S. foreign policy initiative. It aimed to support Pakistan's civilian institutions and infrastructure (like the Tarbela dam upgrade and health projects) to foster a long-term strategic partnership beyond security.
The Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009, popularly known as the Kerry-Lugar Act, authorized $1.5 billion per year in non-military aid for five years. The goal was to strengthen civilian institutions and infrastructure, though the act was controversial in Pakistan due to clauses regarding oversight of the military.
The Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) gas pipeline, also known as the Peace Pipeline, was envisioned to bring Iranian gas to South Asia. India largely withdrew from the project in 2009 due to security concerns in Pakistan and diplomatic pressure regarding US sanctions on Iran.
The Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009 authorized $1.5 billion per year in non-military aid for five years (totaling $7.5 billion). It was intended to strengthen civilian institutions and infrastructure, though it was criticized by the Pakistani military for certain 'intrusive' conditions.
The 'Doctrine of Necessity' was a controversial legal principle used by the judiciary to validate extra-constitutional takeovers. It was famously used in the 1958 Dosso case and the 1977 Nusrat Bhutto case, but was later repudiated after the 2009 judicial restoration.
Striking down the NRO was one of the first major acts of the restored Iftikhar Chaudhry court. It was a massive wave of 'accountability activism' that destabilized the PPP government and set the stage for a decade of judicial-executive conflict.
After the restoration of the judiciary in 2009, the Supreme Court in the Sindh High Court Bar Association vs. Federation of Pakistan case declared the November 3, 2007 emergency illegal and took steps to ensure the 'Doctrine of Necessity' would no longer be used to validate military takeovers.
