Verified past paper — 10 questions
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1
In news reporting, the news value 'proximity' most nearly means:
A. Geographical or cultural nearness of an event to the audience
B. The immediate timeliness of an event
C. The prominence of the individuals involved
D. The financial impact of the event
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Explanation
Proximity refers to how close an event is to an audience either geographically or culturally, making it more newsworthy to them.
2
Who originally introduced the concept of 'gatekeeping' that later influenced studies of news selection?
A. Kurt Lewin
B. David Manning White
C. Harold Lasswell
D. Walter Lippmann
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Explanation
Kurt Lewin introduced gatekeeping in social psychology (1947), and the concept was later applied to media and news selection by scholars like David Manning White.
3
The agenda-setting function of the media is best summarised by which statement?
A. The media tells the public exactly what to think about an issue
B. The media influences which issues the public considers important
C. The media directly determines individual political beliefs
D. The media has no effect on public perceptions of issue importance
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Explanation
Agenda-setting theory posits that the media shapes public salience by influencing which issues audiences perceive as important, not the exact opinions they hold.
4
In media law, which statement correctly distinguishes libel from slander?
A. Libel is spoken defamation, slander is written or printed defamation
B. Both libel and slander are only civil matters and never criminal
C. Libel refers to written or published defamation while slander refers to spoken defamation
D. Only governments can bring libel cases, while individuals bring slander suits
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Explanation
Libel is defamation in a fixed medium (written, published), whereas slander denotes defamatory statements made orally.
5
Which of the following practices is widely regarded as unethical in photojournalism?
A. Cropping an image to improve composition without altering content
B. Adjusting exposure or color to reflect the scene accurately
C. Providing a factual and contextual caption with a photo
D. Staging or directing subjects to reenact events for a news photograph
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Explanation
Staging or directing subjects misrepresents reality and is considered unethical because it deceives viewers about the authenticity of the event.
6
Which body is primarily responsible for regulating electronic media and issuing broadcast licences in Pakistan?
A. Pakistan Press Council
B. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA)
C. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)
D. Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC)
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Explanation
PEMRA is the statutory authority that regulates Pakistan's electronic media, including licensing and content standards for broadcasters.
7
Which research method systematically quantifies the presence of certain words, themes or concepts within media texts?
A. Ethnography
B. Survey research
C. Content analysis
D. Experimental design
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Explanation
Content analysis is a systematic, replicable method for coding and quantifying themes, words, or concepts in textual or visual media.
8
Which international organisation publishes the annual Press Freedom Index ranking countries by media freedom?
A. Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
B. Freedom House
C. Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
D. Amnesty International
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Explanation
Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is the organisation that produces the annual Press Freedom Index evaluating national media freedom.
9
'Media convergence' most accurately refers to:
A. The collapse of all media into a single monopolistic company
B. The exclusive migration of newspapers to mobile apps
C. Government consolidation of broadcast and print outlets
D. The blending of content, platforms and technologies across traditional and digital media
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Explanation
Media convergence describes how content, platforms, and technologies merge across formerly distinct media forms, enabling cross-platform production and distribution.
10
According to the FPSC CE-2016 revised scheme and syllabus, a 200-mark optional subject in the CSS exam is examined as:
A. One three-hour paper carrying 200 marks
B. Two separate papers of 100 marks each
C. Four papers of 50 marks each
D. Continuous assessment plus one 100-mark paper
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Explanation
The FPSC revised scheme specifies that 200-mark optional subjects are examined in two 100-mark papers, not a single 200-mark paper.
