Following the War of Independence of 1857, the British colonial government viewed the Muslims as the primary instigators of the uprising. Consequently, British officials and authors held them in deep suspicion and blamed them for disloyalty. To counter this narrative, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan authored Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind (The Causes of the Indian Revolt) in 1859 and published The Loyal Mohammedans of India (1860) to bridge the trust deficit between the British government and the Muslim community.
Indo-Muslim culture developed strong roots from Central Asian traditions brought over centuries by ruling dynasties, scholars, artisans, and Sufi orders from the Ghaznavid, Ghorid, Delhi Sultanate, and Mughal eras. This influence is prominently reflected in architectural styles, court administration, sartorial choices, music, and culinary traditions.
3
"The Millat of Islam & Menace of Indianism" is written by:
Chaudhry Rehmat Ali, who coined the name "Pakistan" in his 1933 pamphlet Now or Never, authored the book The Millat of Islam and the Menace of Indianism in 1940. In this work, he elaborated on the distinct socio-religious identity of Muslims in the subcontinent and advocated for separate Muslim sovereign entities (such as Pakistan, Bangistan, and Usmanistan).
4
Indian Khilafat Deputation visited England to put their views before David Lloyd George in:
In March 1920, the Indian Khilafat Delegation, headed by Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, traveled to London to meet British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. The delegation presented Muslim concerns regarding the preservation of the Ottoman Caliphate, the integrity of Turkish territory, and the protection of Islamic holy sites following World War I.
Lord Chelmsford assumed office as Viceroy of India in April 1916 and initiated consultations on post-war constitutional reforms. In response to British intentions to introduce administrative reforms, the All-India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress met in December 1916 to formulate a joint charter of demands, resulting in the historic Lucknow Pact negotiated prominently by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan was a prominent politician who led the Punjab Unionist Party and served as the Premier of Punjab from 1937 until his death in 1942. In October 1937, he signed the Jinnah-Sikandar Pact at the Lucknow session of the Muslim League, advising Muslim members of the Unionist Party to join the All-India Muslim League in national affairs.
7
In 1917 Kheiri Brothers suggested a plan of partition of India in conference of Socialist International held in:
Abdul Jabbar Kheiri and Abdul Sattar Kheiri (known as the Kheiri Brothers) attended the Stockholm Conference of the Socialist International in October 1917. They submitted a written proposal advocating for the political partition of the Indian subcontinent into separate Muslim and Hindu states, representing one of the earliest recorded international appeals for partition.
8
In 1928 Agha Khan III advocated independence of each province at the meeting of all parties' convention in:
In December 1928, during the All Parties National Convention in Calcutta held to review the Nehru Report, Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III) and other prominent Muslim leaders stressed that India should be organized as a federation of fully autonomous and self-governing provinces to safeguard Muslim majority provinces from permanent central domination.
9
Founder of Pakistan M.A. Jinnah declared unequivocally that "it is impossible to work a democratic parliamentary government in India" in press interview given to:
In interviews and articles published in international outlets, notably the Manchester Guardian (in 1939–1940), Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah argued that Western-style parliamentary democracy was unsuitable for India because it operates on homogeneous populations, whereas India was home to two major distinct nations (Hindus and Muslims), meaning majoritarian democracy would result in permanent Hindu rule.
10
Dr. Kazi Saeeduddin Ahmad, an eminent geographer and scholar of Aligarh University was subsequently appointed as the first Head of Geography Department Punjab University on:
Dr. Kazi Saeeduddin Ahmad was a pioneer of geographic studies in British India and Pakistan who provided demographic mapping data to the Muslim League during the Pakistan Movement. He founded and took charge as the first Head of the Department of Geography at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, on April 20, 1945.
11
On 7th August, Muhammad Ali Jinnah left India for the last time and flew to:
On August 7, 1947, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, accompanied by his sister Fatima Jinnah, flew from New Delhi to Karachi (the chosen federal capital of the new state) to assume office as the first Governor-General of Pakistan ahead of independence on August 14.
12
Junagadh was a small maritime state and had an area of:
Junagadh was a princely coastal state situated on the Kathiawar peninsula in Gujarat along the Arabian Sea, covering an area of approximately 3,337 square miles (8,643 km²). In September 1947, its ruler Nawab Mahabat Khan III signed the instrument of accession to Pakistan before it was militarily surrounded and annexed by India in November 1947.
Geologically, the Himalayan mountain range was created by the collision between the Indo-Australian tectonic plate and the Eurasian tectonic plate. This tectonic compression folded and uplifted the thick marine sedimentary layers that had accumulated over millions of years within the ancient Tethys Ocean (Tethys Geosyncline).
14
The Salt Range lies in the large accumulation of pure salt at Khewra and:
The Salt Range is a prominent geological formation in northern Punjab spanning from the Jhelum River in the east to the Indus River at Kalabagh (Mianwali District) in the west. Major rock salt deposits and open-cast salt mines exist at both Khewra (Jhelum) and Kalabagh.
Agriculture in Pakistan is heavily characterized by smallholder farming, where over 85% of agricultural holdings are under 5 hectares (12.5 acres). Continuous subdivision of ancestral land across generations has led to severe land fragmentation.
16
The Pakistan Forest Institute, a national organization was established in:
The Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI) was founded in 1947 immediately following independence to conduct forestry research and train professional foresters. It operated temporarily in Faisalabad and Murree before establishing its permanent central campus at the University of Peshawar.
17
A Bahauddin Zakariya University archaeologist has discovered a prehistoric cave known as:
Field surveys and excavations conducted by archaeologists from Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, identified prehistoric rock shelters and cave sites containing Stone Age tools and rock engravings in the Salt Range / Namal Valley region of Mianwali district.
18
NHA is custodian of 39 national highways / motorways / expressway / strategic routes having a total length of:
At the time of the 2006 CSS examination, the total road network managed by the National Highway Authority (NHA) was approximately 9,460 km (which later expanded to over 12,000 km and currently exceeds 14,000+ km). None of the exact figures in options (a), (b), or (c) matched the official statistics of that period.
19
The recent earthquake of October, 2005 was result of:
The devastating magnitude 7.6 earthquake on October 8, 2005, centered near Muzaffarabad in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, was caused by tectonic fault rupture and dislocation along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Balakot-Bagh fault lines as a result of the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
20
Pakistan foreign policy is the safe-guarding of its sovereignty, security and:
The cardinal principles guiding Pakistan's foreign policy, anchored in national security doctrine and Article 40 of the Constitution of Pakistan, prioritize the defense and preservation of the country's national independence, state sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity.
