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The MCQs below are drawn from the Pakistan Affairs subject category.
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13671
Which type of artifact serves as the primary indicator of the commercial and economic development of the Indus Valley?
Seals were essential for trade. They were pressed into wet clay to tag sacks of goods, ensuring the integrity of the package and identifying the owner. Their widespread discovery validates the civilization's complex commercial network.
13672
The organic connection between the ancient Indus culture and modern Hinduism is best illustrated by the worship of?
The discovery of the 'Proto-Shiva' (Pashupati) seal and numerous terracotta figurines of the Mother Goddess suggests a direct lineage to later Hindu practices of worshipping Shiva and Shakti (female energy).
13673
The seals excavated from Mohenjo-daro share thematic and stylistic similarities with seals from which region?
Harappan seals have been found in Mesopotamian cities (Sumeria), and motifs like a hero fighting two tigers (similar to the Sumerian Gilgamesh epic) appear on Indus seals, indicating strong cultural and trade links.
13674
Which animal motif is most frequently depicted on the steatite seals of the Indus Valley?
The 'Unicorn'—a mythical creature resembling a bull with a single horn—is the most common figure found on Indus seals. It possibly represented a specific clan or governing authority.
13675
Where was the granary at Harappa specifically located?
The granary at Harappa (distinct from the one at Mohenjo-daro) was located on Mound F, close to the river Ravi. This location likely facilitated the transport of grain by boat.
13676
Which architectural feature has notably NOT been found during excavations of Harappan sites?
The 'Shikhar' is a feature of later Hindu temple architecture. No structural temples have been excavated in the Indus Civilization; their spiritual life likely focused on nature, water (Great Bath), and figurines.
13677
Which Harappan city is unique for lacking a fortified citadel?
Unlike other major cities that were divided into a fortified 'Citadel' (upper town) and a 'Lower Town', Chanhudaro was a single unfortified area, primarily serving as an industrial center for artisans.
13678
What is the literal translation of the Sindhi name 'Mohenjo-daro'?
The name is derived from the Sindhi language, where 'Mohen' refers to Krishna (or a name) and 'daro' means mound, but it is universally interpreted in archaeology as the 'Mound of the Dead Men' due to the layers of habitation found there.
13679
Despite high standardization in weights and bricks, the Harappan Civilization showed a lack of uniformity in which area?
Harappan burial customs varied significantly across regions. While extended burial in pits was common, other methods like urn burials, pot burials, and joint burials (found at Lothal) show a lack of strict uniformity compared to their standardized weights.
13680
Which sequence correctly represents the chronological order of excavation for these major Indus sites?
Harappa was the first to be excavated (1921 by Daya Ram Sahni), followed by Mohenjo-Daro (1922 by R.D. Banerji), Chanhudaro (1931 by N.G. Majumdar), and Lothal much later (1957 by S.R. Rao).
