Nishka was originally a gold neck ornament but later evolved into a unit of value or currency (coin) in trade.

'Dvija' refers to the top three varnas who were entitled to the Upanayana (sacred thread) ceremony, which was considered a second, spiritual birth.

Aranyakas ('Forest Books') are the texts meant to be studied in the forest (Aranya) by hermits. They bridge the gap between the ritualistic Brahmanas and the philosophical Upanishads.

Dasyus (and Dasas) were the indigenous people encountered by the Aryans. They were described as having different customs, worship practices, and physical features.

The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas. The Krishna (Black) Yajurveda contains prose commentaries within the text, while the Shukla (White) contains only verse hymns.

The Rigveda mentions that the best Soma plant grew on Mount Mujavant, a part of the Himalayas.

The 'Asura' form of marriage involved the groom giving wealth to the bride's kinsmen, effectively purchasing the bride. It was considered an unrighteous form.

Shutudri is the ancient Vedic name for the Sutlej river.

The concept of 'Gotra' (originally meaning 'cow pen', later 'common ancestor') became a rigid social institution prohibiting marriage within the same clan during the Later Vedic period.

The core text of a Veda, which contains the mantras or hymns, is called the 'Samhita'.