After repeated betrayals, Humayun reluctantly ordered Kamran Mirza to be blinded to disqualify him from the throne, sparing his life.

Gulbadan Begum, Humayun's sister, wrote 'Humayun-nama' at the request of Akbar, providing a detailed account of Humayun's life.

Humayun presented the Koh-i-Noor diamond (which he had received from the Gwalior royal family) to Shah Tahmasp as a token of gratitude.

Bairam Khan was Humayun's most trusted general and played a pivotal role in his military campaigns to regain the Mughal throne.

Humayun captured Kandahar from his brother Askari in 1545 with the assistance of the Persian army.

The Shah agreed to help on the condition that Humayun would accept the Shia creed and, upon victory, hand over the strategic city of Kandahar to Persia.

Shah Tahmasp I, the Safavid ruler of Persia, welcomed Humayun and provided him with military support to regain his territories.

Akbar was born in the fortress of Amarkot (in present-day Sindh, Pakistan) in 1542, where Humayun had taken refuge with the Hindu ruler Rana Prasad.

Hamida Banu Begum was the daughter of Sheikh Ali Akbar Jami, a Persian Shia scholar and preceptor to Humayun's brother Hindal.

Humayun remained in exile from 1540, after the Battle of Kannauj, until his return to the throne in 1555, a period of roughly 15 years.