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The MCQs below are drawn from the Public Administration subject category.
Showing 71–80
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71
Under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which institution has the final authority to interpret the Constitution?
A. Parliament
B. President
C. Supreme Court
D. Council of Islamic Ideology
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Correct Option
Explanation
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body charged with constitutional interpretation, so option c is correct.
72
Which United Nations agency coordinates international public health and leads global responses to disease outbreaks?
A. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
B. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
C. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
D. World Health Organization (WHO)
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Correct Option
Explanation
The WHO is the UN agency responsible for international public health and coordinating responses to disease outbreaks, making option d correct.
73
What is a major advantage of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in delivering urban infrastructure?
A. They can mobilize private finance and transfer certain implementation and performance risks to the private sector
B. They remove the need for any public oversight or regulatory frameworks
C. They always guarantee lower user fees than public provision
D. They substitute municipal planning processes with private corporate strategies
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Correct Option
Explanation
PPPs leverage private capital and expertise while allocating some construction and operational risks to private partners, though public oversight remains necessary.
74
Transit-oriented development (TOD) primarily seeks to:
A. Prioritize construction of highways connecting suburbs
B. Encourage strict separation of residential and commercial zones
C. Locate compact, higher-density mixed-use development around transit stations
D. Limit residential development near transit to preserve parking
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Correct Option
Explanation
TOD concentrates mixed-use, higher-density development near transit nodes to increase public-transport use and reduce car dependence.
75
Which concept, formulated by C. Wright Mills, describes the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences (personal troubles) and larger social forces (public issues)?
A. Sociological imagination
B. Social structure
C. Collective conscience
D. Cultural capital
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Correct Option
Explanation
Mills' sociological imagination refers to linking personal troubles to public issues and understanding individuals within broader social contexts.
76
One significant advantage of e‑governance in public administration is that it
A. eliminates the need for public managers
B. increases transparency and reduces opportunities for corruption by improving access to information
C. guarantees equal digital access for all citizens regardless of capacity
D. removes the requirement for accountability mechanisms
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Correct Option
Explanation
E-governance enhances transparency and access to information, which can reduce corruption and improve citizen oversight of public services.
77
The principle of subsidiarity in public administration means that
A. central government should retain all decision-making powers
B. decisions should be made only by international bodies
C. public functions should be performed by the lowest level competent to do them effectively
D. private actors should always replace public institutions
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Correct Option
Explanation
Subsidiarity holds that responsibilities should be assigned to the lowest competent level to enhance responsiveness and efficiency.
78
Public choice theory in the study of public administration primarily assumes that
A. bureaucrats are perfectly altruistic and always place public interest first
B. individuals in public institutions act largely as self-interested agents responding to incentives
C. collective decision-making always yields socially optimal outcomes
D. administrative decisions are unaffected by institutional incentives
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Correct Option
Explanation
Public choice theory applies economic assumptions of self-interest and incentives to public actors, explaining behavior as responses to those incentives.
79
Which characteristic most closely reflects Max Weber’s ideal-type bureaucracy?
A. Impersonality and rule-bound decision-making based on formal rules
B. Personalized leadership and ad hoc decision-making
C. Appointment based on kinship or favoritism
D. Absence of hierarchical authority
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Correct Option
Explanation
Weber’s bureaucracy is characterized by impersonal, rule-based procedures and merit-based authority to ensure predictable administration.
80
Which of the following best describes a core feature of New Public Management (NPM)?
A. Re-emphasis on hierarchical control and strict rule-following
B. Adoption of market-oriented mechanisms, performance measurement and managerial autonomy
C. Complete abolition of public sector contracting and outsourcing
D. Subordination of efficiency to bureaucratic procedure
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Correct Option
Explanation
NPM emphasizes market mechanisms, performance measurement, and managerial autonomy to improve efficiency and service delivery.
