'Kitab al-Kharaj' is a seminal work on Islamic taxation, land administration, and public finance written by Imam Abu Yusuf, the chief jurist of Caliph Harun al-Rashid.

Rival fits because it denotes a competing business that would look for opportunities to undermine or destroy him.

Facebook was launched in 2004, so 2004 is the correct launch year.

IBM stands for International Business Machine, so International Business Machine is the correct answer.

Facebook was launched in 2004, so 2004 is the correct answer.

Facebook was launched in 2004, so 2004 is the correct answer.

The National Identity Card system was established under the National Registration Act in 1973 during the administration of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

At around age 12, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a merchant caravan to Syria (al-Sham), where they met the monk Bahira at Busra.

Rafic Hariri was a prominent Lebanese statesman who served as the Prime Minister of Lebanon for two terms: from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until his resignation in October 2004 [1, p12]. He was assassinated in February 2005.

The National Security Council (NSC) of Pakistan was established by the National Security Council Act, 2004. According to this act, the council comprises the President (as Chairperson), the Prime Minister (as Vice-Chairperson), the Chairman of the Senate, the Speaker of the National Assembly, the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, the Chief Ministers of the provinces (four), the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, and the Chiefs of Staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. This composition totals 12 members. Since 12 is not an option, "None of these" is correct. The provided source document did not specify an answer for this question [1, p6].