The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, commonly known as the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), was signed in Moscow on August 5, 1963. It was a significant early effort by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom to curb the environmental and health risks associated with nuclear testing.

The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime established in 1987. Its primary objective is to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology that could be used for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction. It serves as an informal political understanding among member states to control the export of equipment and technology that could contribute to delivery systems.

The Treaty of Tlatelolco, signed in 1967, established the first Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in a populated region, specifically Latin America and the Caribbean. While the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 also prohibited nuclear activities, the Treaty of Tlatelolco is widely recognized as the first formal NWFZ for a populated geographic area.

During the Cold War, arms control treaties often relied on 'National Technical Means' (NTM) for verification. The Soviet Union (Russia) used its satellite reconnaissance capabilities to monitor and verify the destruction of American strategic bombers, such as the B-52, as mandated by various arms reduction agreements between the two superpowers.

The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and various voluntary international initiatives have sought to regulate the flow of conventional weapons. In specific historical contexts regarding voluntary pacts to restrict small arms proliferation, 140 nations have been cited as participants in international consensus-building efforts. These agreements are critical for conflict resolution and global security, aiming to prevent the destabilization caused by the illicit or unregulated trade of small arms in volatile regions.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) serves as the world's central intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field. A core component of its mandate is the implementation of safeguards to verify that nuclear materials and technology are used exclusively for peaceful purposes, thereby preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and curbing nuclear proliferation.

The Washington Naval Conference of 1921–1922 was a landmark diplomatic effort aimed at preventing a naval arms race following World War I. The resulting Washington Naval Treaty established tonnage ratios for capital ships among the major powers, including the United States, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. This conference is historically significant as one of the first successful attempts at international arms limitation and naval disarmament.

Following the end of the Cold War, the United States and Russia engaged in several arms control agreements, such as START I and subsequent treaties, aimed at reducing their massive stockpiles of nuclear warheads and delivery systems. These efforts were intended to enhance global security and reduce the risk of nuclear conflict.