The GCR aims to ease the burden on host countries, enhance refugee self-reliance, expand third-country solutions, and support conditions for return.

The Labs apply methodologies like sensing, exploring, and scaling to test new approaches rapidly.

While Ukraine was a founding participant, it never ratified the CIS Charter (so it was never a full member de jure) and ceased effective participation in 2018 following the annexation of Crimea by Russia.

Bangladesh received $4.8 billion in ADB financing in 2018, followed by Indonesia ($4.4 billion) and China ($3.6 billion).

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), launched in 2018, aims to create a single market for goods and services, boosting intra-African trade and economic integration.

Polish troops seized Vilna, the capital of Lithuania. The League protested but failed to force Poland to withdraw, marking an early failure.

South Sudan became the 193rd member of the United Nations on July 14, 2011, following its independence from Sudan.

The Nika Riots were massive and violent uprisings in Constantinople starting at the Hippodrome. They were initially protests by the two main chariot racing factions, the Blues and the Greens, against Justinian's administration, but quickly turned into a political revolt to depose him.

Krishnadevaraya (reigned 1509–1529 AD) of the Tuluva dynasty was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. He was a patron of the arts and literature, known by the title 'Andhra Bhoja' for his patronage of Telugu literature, and was himself a gifted author, writing *Amuktamalyada*.

Herodotus (c. 484–425 BCE) was a Greek historian known for writing *The Histories*, a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars. He is widely considered the 'Father of History' for being the first Western writer to systematically collect his materials, test their accuracy to a certain extent, and arrange them in a well-constructed narrative.