While the student-led uprising occurred in 2024, Shahabuddin did not resign immediately; he remained in office until July 2026. The other statements are factually accurate regarding his political background and the controversies surrounding his tenure. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018063/bangladesh-president-shahabuddin-76-resigns-citing-health-concerns, 24 Jul 2026]
682
Which mechanism is primarily utilized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to provide short-term financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments difficulties?
The Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) is the IMF's primary instrument for addressing short-term balance of payments problems, whereas other facilities like the EFF are designed for longer-term structural adjustments.
Which of the following constitutional provisions in Pakistan delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies regarding concurrent subjects post-18th Amendment?
Article 142 of the Constitution of Pakistan, as amended by the 18th Amendment, provides the framework for the distribution of legislative powers, effectively abolishing the Concurrent Legislative List and vesting residual powers in the provinces.
The All Pakistan Dealers Association has rejected the daily pricing decision and has considered protest plans, making option C incorrect. The other statements accurately reflect the government's policy and market data. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018328/govt-keeps-petrol-diesel-prices-unchanged-for-two-days, 25 Jul 2026]
685
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) operates primarily through which of the following diplomatic frameworks?
The 'ASEAN Way' is a distinctive diplomatic approach characterized by non-interference in internal affairs and decision-making through consensus, which defines its regional governance model.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) serves as the primary intergovernmental organization for regional integration in South Asia, focusing on economic and social development.
SAARC is governed by the principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, and non-interference, distinguishing it from supranational organizations like the European Union.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the central institution in the global financial architecture tasked with ensuring the stability of the international monetary system and providing financial assistance to member states.
Which of the following constitutional provisions defines the legislative authority of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly under the 1974 Interim Constitution Act?
Section 31 of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974, delineates the legislative powers of the Assembly, establishing the framework for regional governance and law-making authority.
The OIC is an intergovernmental organization with a mandate to foster cooperation, protect the interests of Muslim-majority nations, and promote international peace and harmony, rather than acting as a military alliance or a trade regulatory body.
