Unlike the OAU, which strictly adhered to non-interference, the AU Constitutive Act grants the Union the right to intervene in a member state in respect of grave circumstances, such as war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity.
Anthropic has committed to purchasing two gigawatts of AMD's latest-generation Instinct MI450 chips. The MI300 is an older architecture, and the MI500 is not the model specified in the agreement. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2017572/amd-to-sell-anthropic-tens-of-billions-in-ai-servers-invest-up-to-5bn-in-startup, 22 Jul 2026]
563
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) operates primarily through which of the following institutional mechanisms?
SAARC functions on the principle of unanimity, requiring consensus among all member states for decisions, which reflects its intergovernmental rather than supranational nature.
Consider the following statements about the Board of Peace (BoP) and the Gaza reconstruction plan:
1. The BoP was formally established in January 2026.
2. The pilot camp is intended to be established in the buffer zone near Rafah.
3. The UN Security Council resolution authorizing the BoP was adopted in early 2026.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is correct as the BoP was established in January 2026. Statement 2 is correct as the pilot camp is planned for the buffer zone near Rafah. Statement 3 is incorrect because the UN Security Council resolution was adopted in mid-November of the previous year (2025), not in 2026. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2015988/gaza-reconstruction-plan-under-trumps-board-of-peace-reduced-to-pilot-project-british-publication, 16 Jul 2026]
565
The 'Doctrine of Necessity' was judicially validated in Pakistan primarily through which of the following legal precedents?
The State v. Dosso (1958) case is the landmark precedent where the Supreme Court of Pakistan formally adopted the Kelsenian theory of revolutionary legality to validate the imposition of martial law.
Which of the following constitutional provisions in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights?
Article 184(3) grants the Supreme Court original jurisdiction to enforce fundamental rights if a matter of public importance is involved, whereas Article 199 pertains to the writ jurisdiction of the High Courts.
The IMF's primary mandate is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system by providing short-term financial assistance to countries experiencing balance of payments difficulties.
According to the Annual Security Report 2025, what was the approximate percentage increase in violence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa compared to the previous year?
The report indicates a 44 percent year-on-year surge in violence in the province. The 82 percent figure refers to the province's share of the net national rise in fatalities, not the year-on-year growth rate. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/1981779/law-enforcers-kill-6-terrorists-in-lakki-marwat-operation-ctd, 13 Mar 2026]
569
The Marrakesh Agreement, which established the World Trade Organization, was signed in the year:
The Marrakesh Agreement was signed in 1994, establishing the World Trade Organization and providing the legal framework for international trade. This tests understanding of a foundational treaty in trade governance.
Which Article of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan provides the framework for the freedom of speech and expression, including the freedom of the press?
Article 19 of the Constitution of Pakistan ensures the freedom of speech and expression, which includes the freedom of the press, subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan.
