Amir Khusrow was a prolific Indo-Persian poet and scholar who served under several Delhi Sultanate rulers. He is famously titled 'Tuti-e-Hind' or 'Parrot of India' and is credited with writing historical poems such as Nuh Sipih and the Tughlaq-Namah.
112
Which poet authored the collection 'Armughan-i-Hijaz'?
'Armughan-i-Hijaz' is a celebrated poetic collection written by the philosopher-poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal. The title translates to 'Gift of Hijaz'. It was one of his final works, written towards the end of his life, and it reflects his deep spiritual devotion and intellectual maturity, serving as a profound legacy in Urdu and Persian poetry.
113
Which Iranian astronomer, known for serving as a scientific advisor to Hulagu Khan, is credited with authoring 64 scientific books?
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a prominent Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He served as a scientific advisor to the Mongol ruler Hulagu Khan and is highly regarded for his extensive contributions to astronomy and mathematics, including numerous influential scientific treatises.
114
Identify the Persian poet who authored the famous literary works 'Bustan' and 'Gulistan'.
Sheikh Saadi of Shiraz was a major Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. He is widely celebrated for his two primary works, 'Bustan' (The Orchard) and 'Gulistan' (The Rose Garden), which are considered masterpieces of Persian literature and moral instruction.
115
Who is the author of the significant philosophical and scientific treatise titled 'Kitab-al-Shafa'?
The 'Kitab al-Shifa', often translated as the 'Book of Healing', is a monumental encyclopedic work covering philosophy, science, and logic. It was authored by the renowned Persian polymath Ibn Sina, also known in the West as Avicenna or Bu Ali Sina, during the Islamic Golden Age.
116
Which scholar is the author of the seminal mathematical text 'Hasab Al-Jabr Wal-Muqabala'?
The book 'Al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala' was written by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. This foundational work introduced systematic methods for solving linear and quadratic equations, effectively establishing the field of algebra.
117
Which major medical work by Bu Ali Sina (Avicenna) provides a comprehensive explanation of human anatomy and body functions?
Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, or The Canon of Medicine, is a monumental encyclopedia of medicine written by the Persian physician Avicenna. It served as the standard medical textbook in both the Islamic world and Europe for centuries. The work systematically covers human physiology, anatomy, pathology, and pharmacology, reflecting the advanced scientific knowledge of the era and the author's profound influence on medical history.
118
What was the primary professional identity of the Persian figure Omar Khayyam?
Omar Khayyam was a prominent Persian polymath who lived during the 11th and 12th centuries. While he made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, he is most widely celebrated in literature for his collection of quatrains known as the Rubaiyat, which established his enduring legacy as a renowned poet.
119
For how many years did Fidel Castro serve as the leader of Cuba?
Fidel Castro served as the primary leader of Cuba for over 45 years, from 1959 until his retirement in 2008. He was a central figure in the Cuban Revolution and maintained power through various political roles, significantly influencing the nation's history and its relationship with the global community throughout the late 20th century.
120
Which of the following is NOT a primary concern raised by US lawmakers regarding the Iran agreement?
Lawmakers have expressed concerns regarding nuclear compliance, sanctions relief, and infrastructure, but there is no mention of territorial annexation in the agreement. Therefore, option C is the incorrect statement. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2008356/trump-open-to-congressional-review-of-iran-deal-as-lawmakers-seek-details, 16 Jun 2026]
