Dr. Fehmida Mirza made history in 2008 by becoming the first female Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Her appointment marked a significant milestone for women in Pakistani politics, as she presided over the lower house of the parliament during a critical period of democratic transition in the country.
62
Identify the prominent Islamic scholar who provided a comprehensive synthesis of the social, cultural, political, ethical, and metaphysical perspectives of Islam.
Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali, often referred to as Imam Al-Ghazali, was a renowned Persian philosopher, theologian, and jurist. His monumental work, 'Ihya Ulum al-Din' (The Revival of the Religious Sciences), is considered one of the most significant contributions to Islamic thought. He successfully integrated various aspects of Islamic life, providing a framework that bridged the gap between legalistic jurisprudence and spiritual mysticism, thereby influencing Islamic intellectual history for centuries.
The 11th session of the Islamic Summit Conference of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) took place in Dakar, Senegal. The event was held on March 13-14, 2008, focusing on various issues affecting the Muslim world and international cooperation.
64
How many major rivers are traditionally associated with the Punjab region?
The name 'Punjab' is derived from the Persian words 'panj' (five) and 'ab' (water), literally translating to the 'land of five rivers'. These rivers are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas. This geographical feature has historically defined the region's agricultural fertility and cultural identity, serving as the backbone for the irrigation systems that support the province's extensive farming activities.
65
Which historical figure is often associated with the foundational concepts that led to the development of modern computing?
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a Persian mathematician whose work in algebra and algorithms laid the groundwork for modern computational logic. The term 'algorithm' is derived from his name, and his systematic approach to problem-solving is fundamental to computer science.
66
On what date was former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto assassinated during a public rally?
Benazir Bhutto, the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority nation, was assassinated on December 27, 2007. The attack occurred in Liaquat Bagh, Rawalpindi, following an election campaign rally. Her death was a major turning point in Pakistani politics, leading to widespread national mourning and significant changes in the political landscape, including the subsequent general elections held in 2008.
67
Dr. Aafia Siddiqui, a Pakistani educator, was sentenced to how many years in prison by a United States court in 2010 for charges related to an incident in Afghanistan?
On September 23, 2010, a federal court in New York sentenced Dr. Aafia Siddiqui to 86 years in prison. She had been convicted earlier that year on charges of attempted murder and assault of United States personnel during an interrogation in Ghazni, Afghanistan, in 2008. The case became a significant point of international discussion and diplomatic interest between Pakistan and the United States.
68
What is the primary official language spoken in the Muslim-majority nation of Azerbaijan?
Azerbaijani, often referred to as Azeri, is a Turkic language and serves as the official state language of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by the vast majority of the population and is closely related to Turkish. While the country has a Muslim-majority population, the linguistic roots of the nation are distinct from Persian or other Central Asian languages like Uzbek or Tajik.
69
Which country was historically recognized as the world's only official Hindu state?
For many years, Nepal was officially designated as the world's only Hindu kingdom. The monarchy played a central role in this identity, with the King of Nepal being revered as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. However, following the political changes and the abolition of the monarchy in 2008, Nepal transitioned into a secular republic, though Hinduism remains the dominant religion.
70
In September 2008, the Nawabshah District in Sindh was renamed to which of the following?
In September 2008, the provincial government of Sindh officially renamed the Nawabshah District to Shaheed Benazirabad. This decision was made to honor the memory of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, who was assassinated in December 2007. The renaming reflects the political and social significance of the region in the context of Pakistan's modern political history.
