Confucianism, a system of social and ethical philosophy, originated in China and has historically served as the foundation for Chinese social and political life. It remains deeply embedded in the cultural traditions of both mainland China and Taiwan, influencing family structures, education, and governance throughout their respective histories.
72
Who is recognized as the founder of the philosophical system known as Confucianism?
Confucianism is based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi, historically romanized as Kung Fu Tsu or Confucius. His ethical and social philosophy has profoundly influenced Chinese culture, government, and social structures for over two millennia, emphasizing morality, family loyalty, and social harmony.
73
What term describes a person who believes that human nature is inherently malicious or selfish?
A cynic is defined as someone who believes that people are motivated primarily by self-interest rather than altruism or sincerity. This worldview often involves a deep-seated distrust of human motives and societal institutions. While the term has historical roots in ancient Greek philosophy, in modern usage, it specifically refers to a person who is pessimistic about the integrity and moral character of others.
74
What term describes the doctrine that advocates for the elimination of war through individual and collective action?
Pacifism is a political and ethical philosophy that opposes war and violence as a means of settling disputes. It advocates for the resolution of conflicts through peaceful, non-violent, and diplomatic methods. Pacifists believe that individual and collective actions can effectively replace military conflict, promoting global stability and human rights through non-aggressive engagement and international cooperation.
75
Which edition of the SAARC summit was hosted in Kathmandu in 2014?
The 18th SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) summit was held in Kathmandu, Nepal, in November 2014. The theme of the summit was 'Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity.' It brought together leaders from the eight member nations to discuss regional cooperation, connectivity, and economic development within South Asia.
76
What is the definition of the Latin phrase 'via media'?
The Latin term 'via media' translates literally to 'middle way'. In a broader context, it refers to a moderate course of action or a compromise that exists between two opposing extremes. It is often used to describe a balanced approach to decision-making or philosophy.
77
Physiology is to Biology as Metaphysics is to which of the following?
The relationship is defined by classification: Physiology is a specific branch of the field of Biology. Following this logic, Metaphysics is a fundamental branch of the field of Philosophy. Therefore, Philosophy is the correct category for Metaphysics.
Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi was a distinguished historian and scholar who authored several influential books regarding the history and political philosophy of Pakistan, including the well-known work titled 'The Ideology of Pakistan'.
79
Identify the famous Urdu poet known for his rare genius and the prose masterpieces 'Ud-i-Hindi' and 'Urdu-i-Mualla'.
Mirza Ghalib is widely regarded as one of the most influential poets in the Urdu and Persian languages. Beyond his profound poetry, he is celebrated for his extensive collection of letters, which were compiled into the famous prose works 'Ud-i-Hindi' and 'Urdu-i-Mualla'. These letters provide significant insight into his life, his literary philosophy, and the historical context of 19th-century India.
80
Who is the author of the book titled 'The Spirit of Islam'?
Syed Ameer Ali was a prominent Indian jurist and political figure who authored 'The Spirit of Islam'. This influential book is a scholarly defense and historical analysis of Islamic history and philosophy, widely read for its intellectual contribution to the subject.
