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The MCQs below are drawn from the Principle of Engineering subject category.
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51
The Classical School of criminology, exemplified by Beccaria and Bentham, is primarily founded on which core principle?
A. Free will and rational choice leading to deterrent punishment
B. Biological determinism and scientific measurement
C. Societal reaction and the construction of deviance
D. Strain from social structures causing crime
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The Classical School emphasizes that individuals exercise free will and calculate costs and benefits, so proportionate, deterrent punishment is advocated.
52
Directive Principles of State Policy in many constitutions are generally:
A. Justiciable fundamental rights enforceable in courts.
B. Non-justiciable guidelines for the state to achieve socio-economic goals.
C. A set of criminal laws to be enforced by executive agencies.
D. International treaties binding on the legislature.
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Directive Principles typically serve as non-justiciable policy guidelines for the state to guide legislation and policy, not enforceable rights.
53
Which of the following best describes the principle of constitutional supremacy in a written constitution?
A. The constitution is the highest law and any statute inconsistent with it is invalid.
B. The legislature is supreme and its laws cannot be questioned by courts.
C. The executive can override the constitution during emergencies.
D. The judiciary makes laws when parliament is silent.
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Constitutional supremacy means the constitution is the supreme law and courts can invalidate legislation inconsistent with it.
54
Which Agile principle emphasizes people and their interactions over rigid processes and tool enforcement?
A. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
B. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
C. Responding to change over following a plan
D. Working software over comprehensive documentation
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One of the Agile Manifesto principles explicitly values individuals and their interactions above processes and tools to foster collaboration and adaptability.
55
Which practice in Sikhism most directly expresses the principle of social equality?
A. Pilgrimage to Mecca
B. A caste-based priesthood
C. Animal sacrifice
D. Langar (community kitchen serving all people)
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Langar, the community kitchen serving free meals to all regardless of caste or status, embodies Sikhism's commitment to equality.
56
Which archaeological principle states that, in undisturbed contexts, lower strata are older than those above them?
A. Seriation
B. Law of superposition (stratigraphy)
C. Typology
D. Cross-dating
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The law of superposition in stratigraphy holds that deeper archaeological layers were deposited earlier and are therefore older than upper layers.
57
Which practice is least consistent with the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
A. Use of resistant varieties
B. Biological control using natural enemies
C. Routine calendar-based pesticide applications regardless of pest monitoring
D. Crop rotation and cultural controls
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IPM emphasizes monitoring and threshold-based actions, whereas routine calendar spraying ignores pest levels and undermines IPM principles.
58
Which accounting principle requires that expenses be recognised in the same period as the revenues they help generate?
A. Matching principle
B. Historical cost principle
C. Conservatism (prudence) principle
D. Revenue recognition principle
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The matching principle requires expenses to be recognised in the same period as related revenues to properly measure profit for that period.
59
Objective Resolution was presented in Assembly on March 7
اردو: سات7 مارچ کو اسمبلی میں اعتراضی قرارداد پیش کی گئی۔
A. 1947
B. 1948
C. 1949
D. 1950
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Objective Resolution was presented on March 7, 1949 as the formal statement of principles for Pakistan's future constitution.
60
Who moved objective resolution?
اردو: معروضی قرارداد کس نے پیش کی؟
A. Liaqiat Ali khan
B. Sir syed
C. Quaid e Azam
D. Tamiz us din
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Liaquat Ali Khan moved the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly, which set out guiding principles for the state's constitution.