Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. Geology is the study of the Earth's physical structure. Genealogy is the study of family ancestries and histories. Gerontology is the study of old age.

Paleontology is the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants. Geology is the study of the Earth's physical structure. Archaeology is the study of human history through artifacts. Speleology is the study of caves.

'Ecology' is the scientific study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment. 'Geography' studies the Earth's surface. 'Ethnology' studies cultures. 'Geology' studies the Earth's structure.

A geologist is a scientist who studies geology, the science of the Earth's physical structure, substance, history, and the processes that act on it. A 'meteorologist' studies weather. An 'anthropologist' studies humans. A 'seismologist' studies earthquakes.

Kamala Das (1934–2009), an Indian poet, wrote in English and Malayalam, exploring female desire and identity in works like *An Introduction*. Her confessional style and bold themes, often under the pen name Madhavikutty in Malayalam, made her a trailblazer in Indian poetry.

Herta Müller, who wrote about life under dictatorship in Romania, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2009.

NACTA was originally established administratively in 2009 but was granted statutory status through the National Counter Terrorism Authority Act, 2013.

The Tea Party was a fiscally conservative political movement within the Republican Party that emerged in 2009.

While Imran Khan and Javed Miandad were also inducted in 2009, Hanif Mohammad (حنیف محمد) was among the inaugural Pakistani inductees in the ICC Hall of Fame.

Abdul Sattar Edhi was awarded the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence in 2009.