Magdalena Andersson, leader of the Social Democrats, was appointed Sweden’s first female prime minister on 30 November 2021 and continued in 2022.

Olaf Scholz, leader of the Social Democratic Party, was sworn in on 8 December 2021 as Germany’s ninth chancellor.

Indonesia took over the G20 Presidency on 1 December 2021, steering the group’s agenda through the end of 2022.

António Guterres began his second term as UN Secretary-General on 1 January 2022, continuing through 2026.[7](https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/topics/related/2021/Antonio-guterres-secures-second-term.html)

Operation Midnight Hammer was the codename for the high-precision military strike conducted by the US military on June 22, 2025, utilizing USAF B-2 Spirit stealth bombers equipped with GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) bunker-buster bombs along with submarine-launched Tomahawk cruise missiles to target fortified nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.

The AUKUS security pact was announced on 15 September 2021, not on any of the listed dates. [18](https://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/AUKUS-factsheet.pdf)

Lord Chelmsford served as the Viceroy of India from 1916 to 1921, a period marked by significant events such as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the passage of the Rowlatt Act.

General Reginald Dyer ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919, resulting in a massacre of unarmed civilians. The original question listed “O Dwyer,” which likely referred to Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, but the actual commander was Dyer. The options were corrected to reflect this, and other names were adjusted (e.g., “Simpson” to “Simon,” “Rawalt” to “Rowlatt”).

On 30th September 1951, Pakistan adopted a unified Standard Time for East and West Pakistan to streamline administrative and communication functions across its geographically separated wings, despite the time zone differences.

On 8th August 1942, the Indian National Congress launched the Quit India Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, demanding immediate British withdrawal from India. The call to “do or die” galvanized mass protests, though it was met with severe British repression.