General Reginald Dyer ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919, resulting in a massacre of unarmed civilians. The original question listed “O Dwyer,” which likely referred to Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, but the actual commander was Dyer. The options were corrected to reflect this, and other names were adjusted (e.g., “Simpson” to “Simon,” “Rawalt” to “Rowlatt”).

On 30th September 1951, Pakistan adopted a unified Standard Time for East and West Pakistan to streamline administrative and communication functions across its geographically separated wings, despite the time zone differences.

On 8th August 1942, the Indian National Congress launched the Quit India Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, demanding immediate British withdrawal from India. The call to “do or die” galvanized mass protests, though it was met with severe British repression.

In most terrestrial ecosystems like grasslands, producers (plants) form the largest biomass because energy diminishes up the trophic levels.

Healthy vegetation strongly reflects near-infrared radiation, making the NIR band especially useful for assessing plant health and biomass.

The primary driver is differential heating of the large Asian landmass versus the relatively cooler Indian Ocean, creating pressure gradients that drive monsoon winds.

On a per-mass basis over 100 years, N2O has a far higher GWP than CO2 or CH4, so option b is correct.

COSO's five components are control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information & communication, and monitoring; external audit is separate from these internal control components.

Kazakhstan is the largest country by land area among Muslim-majority states, so it is the biggest Muslim country by area.

As stated, Sri Lanka experienced massive protests driven by an economic crisis and shortages of fuel.