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The MCQs below are drawn from the Principle of Engineering subject category.
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10331
The legal principle of **non-refoulement**, central to refugee protection, prohibits States from:
A. Granting asylum to terrorists.
B. Forcing a refugee to return to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom.
C. Providing humanitarian aid to refugees.
D. Collecting taxes from refugees.
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Explanation
Non-refoulement is a customary international law that forbids the expulsion of refugees to territories where their life or freedom would be threatened.
10332
The UNDP works with national governments to ensure that development efforts leave no one behind. This is central to the principle of:
A. Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
B. Inclusive development.
C. Conditionality.
D. Trade liberalization.
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Explanation
Inclusive development means ensuring that economic and social progress is shared by all people, regardless of gender, location, or background.
10333
Which document sets forth the comprehensive ethical principles guiding the development of tourism, promoted by the UNWTO?
A. The Madrid Protocol
B. The Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET)
C. The UN Declaration on Sustainable Development
D. The Tourism Rights Charter
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Explanation
The GCET is a set of 10 principles aimed at guiding stakeholders in tourism development toward more responsible practices. It was adopted in 1999.
10334
The IBRD requires that its procurement policies for financed projects adhere to principles of:
A. National preference only.
B. Efficiency, economy, transparency, and fairness.
C. Exclusive use of high-income country contractors.
D. Direct appointment of contractors without competition.
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Explanation
These principles are central to ensuring the effectiveness and integrity of the funds used in IBRD-financed projects.
10335
What is the highest policy-making organ of UNIDO, composed of all Member States, which meets every two years?
A. The Industrial Development Board (IDB)
B. The General Conference
C. The Programme and Budget Committee (PBC)
D. The Executive Council
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Explanation
The General Conference determines the guiding principles and policies of the Organization.
10336
Which WIPO-administered treaty deals with the protection of literary and artistic works, including novels, poems, music, and films?
A. Paris Convention
B. Berne Convention
C. Madrid Protocol
D. Nairobi Treaty
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Explanation
The Berne Convention (1886) establishes the principle of national treatment and automatic protection for creative works.
10337
What is the key difference between the **Universal Postal Convention** and the **Acts of the UPU**?
A. The Convention deals with financial matters, while the Acts deal with logistics.
B. The Convention contains fundamental, mandatory rules for all members, while the Acts (e.g., Regulations) contain the detailed, technical procedures for specific services.
C. The Convention is for developing countries, and the Acts are for developed countries.
D. The Convention is legally binding, and the Acts are voluntary guidelines.
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Explanation
The Acts (including the Regulations) provide the practical, technical rules necessary to implement the broad principles laid out in the Convention.
10338
The principle of **Freedom of Transit** within the UPU means that member countries must allow:
A. All citizens to travel freely across borders.
B. Mail originating in another member country to pass through its territory freely and safely.
C. All goods to be imported without tariffs.
D. All postal services to be privatized.
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Explanation
This principle ensures the smooth and unrestricted flow of international mail through the territory of any member country.
10339
What is the primary function of the UPU?
A. To regulate international telecommunications.
B. To ensure a single postal territory for the reciprocal exchange of mail and to promote a universal postal service.
C. To set global standards for container shipping.
D. To manage the licensing of private courier companies.
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Explanation
The UPU ensures that mail can be exchanged internationally under the same conditions as domestic mail, upholding the principle of freedom of transit.
10340
The foundational document that established ICAO and sets out the principles of international air travel is known as the:
A. Montreal Protocol
B. Kyoto Accord
C. Chicago Convention
D. Warsaw Treaty
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Explanation
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed in Chicago in 1944, established the rules of airspace, aircraft registration, safety, and ICAO itself.
