The Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the seven ancient wonders that has survived into the modern era. While the others, such as the Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Colossus of Rhodes, were destroyed by natural disasters or human conflict, the pyramids remain largely intact as a testament to ancient Egyptian engineering.

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed in 1972 as part of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) between the United States and the Soviet Union. The treaty aimed to limit the deployment of missile defense systems, thereby maintaining the principle of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) and reducing the incentive for a nuclear arms race. It remained a cornerstone of international security and nuclear arms control for three decades until the United States withdrew from it in 2002.

Hugo Grotius, a Dutch jurist, is considered the father of international law. His seminal work, 'De Jure Belli ac Pacis' (On the Law of War and Peace), published in 1625, laid the foundational principles for modern international law. He argued that nations are bound by a system of law based on natural law and the common consent of states, which significantly influenced the development of diplomatic relations and the regulation of warfare.

On December 20, 1999, Portugal ended its colonial administration of Macao, which had lasted for over 400 years. The territory was returned to China, becoming a Special Administrative Region under the 'one country, two systems' principle, similar to the handover of Hong Kong two years earlier.

Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The document articulated the fundamental principles of individual liberty and the right of the people to alter or abolish oppressive governments.

The Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, this historic document announced that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. This event marked a pivotal turning point in the American Revolutionary War, establishing the foundational principles of American democracy and liberty that would influence political movements worldwide for centuries to come.

Haji Shariatullah was the founder of the Faraizi movement in Bengal during the 19th century. He advocated for a return to the fundamental principles of Islam and urged his followers to reject non-Islamic customs and superstitions that had integrated into local practices. His movement aimed at social and religious reform, emphasizing the strict observance of Islamic duties (faraiz) and the purification of faith among the Muslim peasantry.

William Thomson, known as Lord Kelvin, formulated the concept of absolute zero and developed the Kelvin temperature scale. This scale is based on thermodynamic principles where absolute zero represents the point at which all thermal motion ceases. His work was foundational for modern thermodynamics and physics, providing a scientific standard for measuring temperature independent of the properties of any specific substance.

Rudolf Diesel, a German mechanical engineer, is world-renowned for his invention of the diesel engine. He received a patent for his design in 1893. The engine was designed to be more efficient than the steam engines of the time by utilizing the principle of compression ignition, which remains a fundamental technology in modern transportation and industrial machinery today.

Archimedes of Syracuse was a brilliant mathematician and inventor who formulated the law of buoyancy, now known as Archimedes' Principle. This principle states that any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. His work laid the foundation for hydrostatics and remains a fundamental concept in physics today.