Faruqi is a leading Urdu critic and scholar noted for his analytical studies of classical forms and for reviving interest in traditional narratives and aesthetics.

Marsiya is an elegiac genre traditionally composed to mourn the martyrs of Karbala and is central to Shia commemorative practice.

Mir is traditionally called 'Khuda-e-Sukhan' (God of Poetry) in recognition of his mastery of classical Urdu ghazal.

Radif is the recurring word or phrase placed after the qaafiya at the end of the matla and the second line of subsequent couplets, providing the refrain of the ghazal.

The central government's promotion of Urdu as the sole state language sparked protests in East Pakistan demanding recognition of Bengali.

Balochi literary texts are most commonly written in a modified Perso-Arabic script adapted from Persian/Urdu orthography.

Arabic belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family, whereas Urdu, Pashto, and Persian are Indo-European languages.

The Urdu–Hindi controversy is dated here to 1867, when disputes over language identity and script first intensified.

Arkan-e-Islam is the Arabic/Urdu term for the pillars of Islam, referring to the five fundamental practices every Muslim must follow.

'Inchoate' means not fully formed or incomplete, so 'نامکمل' (incomplete) matches.