Barbados formally removed Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and became a republic in December 2021, matching the question's stated event.

According to the provided source, three Muslims were counted as winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2021.

The United States won 113 medals at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics held in 2021, as stated in the source.

Both Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov were jointly recognized with the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize for their work defending freedom of expression.

The Afghan Taliban fully recaptured Afghanistan on 15 August 2021, which was 20 Years after their ouster in 2001.

As announced in September 2021, the trilateral security partnership between the USA, UK and Australia was styled 'AUKUS' to share capabilities including nuclear‑powered submarines in the Indo‑Pacific.

The given provincial GDP ratio for 2021–2022 is reported as 5.57 in the provided data.

International Women’s Day is observed annually on March 8, so in 2021 it was celebrated on 8th March.

The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is a major initiative funded by the Ministry of Education. It is a collaborative project involving seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). IIT Madras serves as the primary coordinating institute for the development and management of the NPTEL platform.

Abu Raihan Al-Biruni was a renowned scholar and polymath who lived during the 11th century. He was a prominent figure in the court of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. His most famous work, 'Kitab al-Hind' (History of India), provides a detailed and objective account of Indian culture, science, and philosophy, reflecting his deep intellectual engagement with the region.