The ERF is a concessional financing scheme. The SBP provides funds to commercial banks at very low rates, which the banks then lend to exporters. This reduces the cost of doing business for exporters, making Pakistani products more competitive in the international market.

Financial Inclusion refers to ensuring that all individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products (like bank accounts, insurance, and credit). SBP targets the unbanked population, especially women and small farmers, through digital tools to bring them into the formal economy.

Expansionary or 'Easy' monetary policy is used when the SBP wants to stimulate economic growth. By lowering interest rates, the bank makes borrowing cheaper, encouraging businesses to invest and consumers to spend. This is typically done when inflation is low and the economy is facing a slowdown or recession.

Raast is Pakistan’s first instant payment system, launched by the SBP to promote financial inclusion and digitalization. It allows for end-to-end digital payments between individuals, businesses, and government entities in real-time, significantly reducing the reliance on cash and improving the documentation of the economy.

The Policy Rate is the SBP overnight reverse repo rate. It serves as the primary tool for the SBP to signal its monetary policy stance. By changing this rate, the SBP influences the cost of borrowing for commercial banks, which eventually affects the interest rates for businesses and consumers across the entire economy.

The informal economy in Pakistan is estimated to be as large as the formal GDP. It consists of small businesses, retail shops, and agricultural activities that operate outside the tax net. Documenting this 'shadow economy' is a major challenge for the government to increase tax-to-GDP levels.

Accountability drives in the 1990s were often perceived as politically motivated. The frequent arrests of businessmen and politicians led to a climate of fear, which discouraged both domestic and foreign investment, contributing to the economic instability and slow growth of that decade.

KPP was a massive 1.4-trillion-rupee program designed to be the largest of its kind. It integrated several existing schemes to provide 'bottom-up' economic growth, offering interest-free micro-loans for small businesses (Kamyab Karobar), farmers (Kamyab Kissan), and low-cost housing (Kamyab Ghar).

The Kamyab Jawan Program was an umbrella initiative focused on the socio-economic empowerment of the youth. It included the 'Youth Entrepreneurship Scheme' (YES) for providing low-interest business loans, 'Hunarmand Pakistan' for vocational training, and various internship programs to help young Pakistanis become self-reliant and contribute to the national economy.

Continuing the democratic momentum started by the PPP (2008-2013), the PML-N government (2013-2018) became the second consecutive civilian administration to complete its full constitutional term and hand over power to the next elected assembly via a caretaker setup.