Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam because it is the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims must perform once if they are physically and financially able.

2014 is correct because the Crimean Peninsula was annexed by the Russian Federation in 2014, when Russia took control following a disputed referendum and military intervention.

Abu Sufyan — he led the Quraysh forces opposing the Muslims at the Battle of Uhud, so Abu Sufyan fits as the commander of the infidels in that battle.

Pakistan National Action Plan was established on December 25, 2014, which is the official date given for the plan's launch to address terrorism.

Quaid-e-Azam resigned from the Indian National Congress in 1920, the year he formally left the party to pursue separate political work for Muslims.

Duplicate of Q35. Violence in Kolkata (Guha).

Direct Action Day sparked widespread violence in Kolkata (Calcutta), per historical accounts (e.g., Guha, “India After Gandhi”).

The Charter of Medina (Mithaq al-Madina), drafted in 622 CE, established civic rights, common defense, and judicial authority among Muslims and Jewish tribes in Madina.

The funeral prayer is a collective communal obligation (Fard al-Kifayah); if a group of Muslims performs it, the obligation is discharged for the entire community.

As of 2007, Professor Abdus Salam was the only Pakistani citizen to have received a Nobel Prize [1, p7]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work on the electroweak unification theory. Malala Yousafzai later became the second Pakistani Nobel laureate in 2014.