Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam because it is the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims must perform once if they are physically and financially able.

Abu Sufyan — he led the Quraysh forces opposing the Muslims at the Battle of Uhud, so Abu Sufyan fits as the commander of the infidels in that battle.

Quaid-e-Azam resigned from the Indian National Congress in 1920, the year he formally left the party to pursue separate political work for Muslims.

Duplicate of Q35. Violence in Kolkata (Guha).

Duplicate of Q22. Initiated by China in 2015 (AIIB).

Duplicate of Q17. Paris Agreement targets <2°C warming (UN). Unique Questions (Q167, Q174–Q180, Q196–Q200)

Launched in 2015 to advance manufacturing (Chinese policy documents).

Direct Action Day sparked widespread violence in Kolkata (Calcutta), per historical accounts (e.g., Guha, “India After Gandhi”).

The AIIB was initiated by China in 2015 for infrastructure funding, per official AIIB records.

The Paris Agreement (2015) targets limiting global warming to below 2°C, unlike Kyoto (1997) or Copenhagen (2009), per UN climate records.