The G-8 (Group of Eight), which has reverted to the G-7 (Group of Seven) after Russia's suspension in 2014, operates as an informal forum for the leaders of major industrialized democracies. It does not possess a formal charter, a permanent secretariat, or a fixed bureaucratic structure. The presidency of the G-7 rotates annually among its member states, and the host country is responsible for organizing the annual summit and related preparatory meetings. In contrast, Greenpeace has an international coordinating body (Greenpeace International, a foundation based in Amsterdam) with a board, management team, and staff, overseeing a global network of national/regional organizations. The D-8 (Developing Eight Organization for Economic Cooperation) has a formal structure including a Summit, Council of Ministers, a Commission, and a permanent Secretariat based in Istanbul, Turkey, headed by a Secretary-General. Therefore, among the options provided, the G-8 (now G-7) is the organization that functions without a formal structure or a permanent secretariat. [3](https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/structure/)[6](https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/governance/).

In 2008, the 15th SAARC Summit was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Consequently, the Chairperson of SAARC for that period would have been the then President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa [2, p3]. Sushil Koirala became Prime Minister of Nepal and chaired SAARC much later, in 2014. As Mahinda Rajapaksa is not listed, and the premise of Sushil Koirala chairing SAARC in 2008 is incorrect, "None of these" is the accurate answer for a 2008 paper. The PDF's answer (b) based on Koirala is anachronistic.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering more area than all the landmasses combined.

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed every year on 21 March. This date commemorates the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa in 1960, when police killed 69 people at a peaceful protest against apartheid. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the day in 1966, urging the international community to intensify efforts to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination.

China has led the world in Internet users since 2008, with over 700 million people online by 2014. Its massive user base has driven the growth of domestic tech giants and shaped global digital trends.

China successfully orbited PakSat-1R on 11 August 2011 to ensure Pakistan’s communications coverage.

In 2014, Saudi Arabia led global imports of major weapons, driven by regional security concerns.

The Pakistan Army launched Operation Zarb-e-Azb on 15 June 2014 to eliminate militant sanctuaries in North Waziristan.

On 16 December 2014, militants stormed the Army Public School in Peshawar, killing over 140 people, mostly children.

The 18th SAARC summit convened in Kathmandu, Nepal, on 26–27 November 2014, and the subsequent 19th summit was cancelled[9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation).