Shah Wali Ullah produced the first complete Persian translation of the Quran in the mid-18th century to make the text accessible to Indo-Muslim scholars

Ghalib's diction shows strong Persian influence and his poetry is renowned for its dense imagery and philosophical nuance.

Rekhta originally described the hybrid poetic speech—mixing Persian with local vernaculars—that later evolved into what we call Urdu poetry.

Dynamic equivalence emphasizes conveying meaning and natural target-language expression rather than strict literal correspondence.

'Tashbīh' literally means comparison and corresponds to the simile, explicitly comparing two things.

Saadi is the author of Bustan and Gulistan, prose and poetic collections noted for ethical advice and social commentary.

The Persian rubāʿī traditionally follows an AABA rhyme pattern, with the first, second and fourth lines rhyming.

'Behr' denotes the metrical scheme or rhythm employed in Persian poetry.

Jalal ad-Din Rumi composed the Masnavi, a foundational Sufi poetic work of spiritual teaching and narrative.

Ezāfe is a linking particle used to connect a noun with its modifiers or possessor, indicating attribution or genitive relation.