December 2024 Edition
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December 2024 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#861
At COP29 (Baku, 2024), parties agreed a new collective climate-finance goal of:
(a) t COP29 (Baku, 2024), parties agreed a new collective climate-finance goal of:
(b) USD 300 bn/yr by 2035
(c) USD 1.3 tn/yr by 2030
(d) USD 500 bn/yr by 2028
Explanation: COP29 concluded with agreement to triple the previous USD 100 bn pledge to USD 300 bn annually by 2035, alongside an ambition to mobilize USD 1.3 tn/yr from all sources by 2035. Many developing countries said the figure was still short of needs. ([UNFCCC](https://unfccc.int/news/cop29-un-climate-conference-agrees-to-triple-finance-to-developing-countries-protecting-lives-and?utm_source=chatgpt.com "COP29 UN Climate Conference Agrees to Triple Finance ..."))
#862
The EU Nature Restoration Law (2024) requires Member States to restore at least what share of land and sea by 2030?
(a) t least what share of land and sea by 2030?
(b) 15%
(c) 20%
(d) 30%
Explanation: The adopted regulation sets binding restoration targets—20% by 2030, with longer-term goals through 2040–2050—making it the first continent-wide law of its kind. ([IFAW](https://www.ifaw.org/international/journal/eu-nature-restoration-law-adopted?utm_source=chatgpt.com "EU Nature Restoration Law: Landmark legislation finally ..."))
#863
According to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?
(a) ccording to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?
(b) 420 GW
(c) 700+ GW
(d) 1,000 GW
Explanation: REN21 reports the largest annual increase to date—over 700 GW—signaling accelerating momentum for renewables worldwide. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))
#864
IEA’s “Renewables 2024” projects annual renewable capacity additions will rise from ~666 GW in 2024 to nearly ______ by 2030 (main case).
(a) nnual renewable capacity additions will rise from ~666 GW in 2024 to nearly ______ by 2030 (main case).
(b) 850 GW
(c) 935 GW
(d) 1,100 GW
Explanation: Solar and wind dominate additions through 2030 due to cost advantages and policy support in most regions. ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024/electricity?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Electricity – Renewables 2024 – Analysis - IEA"))
#865
At CBD COP16 (Cali, 2024), parties advanced benefit-sharing for:
(a) t CBD COP16 (Cali, 2024), parties advanced benefit-sharing for:
(b) Digital sequence information (DSI)
(c) Timber exports
(d) Mining royalties
Explanation: COP16 operationalized a global mechanism to share benefits from the use of DSI and expanded roles for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities; however, finance talks faltered. ([Convention on Biological Diversity](https://www.cbd.int/article/agreement-reached-cop-16?utm_source=chatgpt.com "COP 16 in Cali: progress towards making peace with nature"))
#866
Which statement best reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?
(a) Coal use surged globally in 2024
(b) est reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?
(c) Oil demand fell by 10% in 2024
(d) Nuclear generation collapsed in 2024
Explanation: IEA’s 2025 Global Energy Review covers 2024 data and confirms accelerating additions in renewables amid mixed fossil trends. ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Global Energy Review 2025 – Analysis - IEA"))
#867
Which plastics-treaty issue most divided negotiators in 2024–2025?
(a) Banning all plastic bags
(b) Whether to cap plastic production and chemicals of concern
(c) Ocean cleanup technologies
(d) ivided negotiators in 2024–2025?
Explanation: A core split was upstream production limits versus focusing on waste management and design standards, contributing to Geneva’s collapse. ([IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin](https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiating-committee-inc5.2-summary?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Summary report 5–15 August 2025 - Earth Negotiations Bulletin"))
#868
Which of these is **true** of the Nature Restoration Law implementation outlook (2024–2025)?
(a) No binding targets exist
(b) Targets are advisory only
(c) Implementation by Member States is key to meeting 2030/2040/2050 milestones
(d) The law replaces all Natura 2000 sites
Explanation: Analysts emphasize that ambitious targets require robust national plans and funding to deliver real ecosystem recovery. ([CAN Europe](https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2024/09/Nature-Restoration-Law-Essential-Progress-in-Biodiversity-and-Climate-Action-Implementation-will-be-key-v2-1.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Nature Restoration Law: Essential Progress in Biodiversity ..."))
#869
In the IEA Renewables 2024 outlook, which technologies account for ~95% of additions to 2030?
(a) ccount for ~95% of additions to 2030?
(b) Solar PV + wind
(c) Geothermal + marine
(d) Nuclear + CCS
Explanation: Their cost competitiveness and scale underpin the forecast expansion. ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024/electricity?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Electricity – Renewables 2024 – Analysis - IEA"))
#870
Which sphere saw record renewable additions in 2024 per REN21 GSR 2025?
(a) dditions in 2024 per REN21 GSR 2025?
(b) Power sector
(c) Transport only
(d) None—additions fell
Explanation: The >700 GW added were overwhelmingly in electricity generation capacity. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))
#871
What title was given to the day celebrated on December 22, 1939, to mark the end of Congress rule?
(a) Independence Day
(b) Day of Deliverance
(c) Day of Action
(d) Republic Day
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam appealed to the Muslims of the sub-continent to celebrate December 22, 1939, as the 'Day of Deliverance' (Youm-e-Najat). This was to mark their relief from the 27 months of Congress provincial rule, which they characterized as oppressive.
#872
In December 1912, where did prominent Muslim leaders appear on the Congress platform to express a desire for Hindu-Muslim unity?
(a) Lucknow
(b) Cawnpore
(c) Karachi
(d) Calcutta
Explanation: In December 1912, the Cawnpore session of the Congress was a significant milestone where Muslim leaders joined the platform. This event signaled a growing realization that both communities needed to stand side by side to achieve common political goals, paving the way for the historic cooperation seen a few years later.
#873
Who was the President of the Indian National Congress during the December 1912 session?
(a) Ambeka Charan Mazumdar
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) R.N. Mudholker
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Explanation: R.N. Mudholker presided over the annual session of the Indian National Congress in December 1912. It was during his presidency that the first visible signs of rapprochement between the Congress and the Muslim League began to manifest, as leaders from both sides started sharing platforms.
#874
Who chaired the Muslim League meeting held in Lucknow on 31st December 1912?
(a) Nawab Salimullah Khan
(b) Agha Khan
(c) Viqar-ul-Mulk
(d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: The meeting of the All India Muslim League held on December 31, 1912, was conducted under the chairmanship of Agha Khan. This meeting was instrumental in redefining the League's political direction and considering a closer alignment with the broader national movement for self-government.
#875
Which event in December 1911 significantly contributed to a change in the political stance of Indian Muslims?
(a) Death of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
(b) Revocation of the Partition of Bengal
(c) Outbreak of World War I
(d) The Simla Deputation
Explanation: The annulment or revocation of the Partition of Bengal in December 1911 by the British government was seen as a betrayal by the Muslims. It shook their faith in British promises and forced them to reconsider their loyalist stance, eventually leading them to seek an alliance with the Congress.
#876
In December 1912, where did prominent Muslim leaders appear on the Congress platform to express a desire for Hindu-Muslim unity?
(a) Lucknow
(b) Cawnpore
(c) Karachi
(d) Calcutta
Explanation: In December 1912, the Cawnpore session of the Congress was a significant milestone where Muslim leaders joined the platform. This event signaled a growing realization that both communities needed to stand side by side to achieve common political goals, paving the way for the historic cooperation seen a few years later.
#877
Who was the President of the Indian National Congress during the December 1912 session?
(a) Ambeka Charan Mazumdar
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) R.N. Mudholker
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Explanation: R.N. Mudholker presided over the annual session of the Indian National Congress in December 1912. It was during his presidency that the first visible signs of rapprochement between the Congress and the Muslim League began to manifest, as leaders from both sides started sharing platforms.
#878
Who chaired the Muslim League meeting held in Lucknow on 31st December 1912?
(a) Nawab Salimullah Khan
(b) Agha Khan
(c) Viqar-ul-Mulk
(d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: The meeting of the All India Muslim League held on December 31, 1912, was conducted under the chairmanship of Agha Khan. This meeting was instrumental in redefining the League's political direction and considering a closer alignment with the broader national movement for self-government.
#879
Which event in December 1911 significantly contributed to a change in the political stance of Indian Muslims?
(a) Death of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
(b) Revocation of the Partition of Bengal
(c) Outbreak of World War I
(d) The Simla Deputation
Explanation: The annulment or revocation of the Partition of Bengal in December 1911 by the British government was seen as a betrayal by the Muslims. It shook their faith in British promises and forced them to reconsider their loyalist stance, eventually leading them to seek an alliance with the Congress.
#880
In which city was the first regular session of the All India Muslim League held in December 1907?
(a) Dhaka
(b) Karachi
(c) Aligarh
(d) Lucknow
Explanation: The first regular session of the All India Muslim League took place in Karachi on December 29th and 30th, 1907. This session was significant for finalizing the party's constitution and formalizing its leadership structure.