#581

Which country launched the 'International Big Cat Alliance' (IBCA) which gained further traction in 2024/2025?

(a) South Africa

(b) India

(c) Brazil

(d) Kenya

Explanation: India launched the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) to conserve seven big cat species. The initiative continued to gather international support and members throughout 2024 and 2025.

#582

What major air quality issue did Lahore and New Delhi face in November 2024 and 2025, reaching hazardous levels?

(a) Sandstorms

(b) Smog

(c) Acid Rain

(d) Ozone depletion

Explanation: Both Lahore and New Delhi experienced record-breaking smog levels in November 2024 and again in 2025, driven by crop burning, vehicular emissions, and stagnant weather conditions.

#583

In 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) began hearings on which landmark case?

(a) Legality of Whaling

(b) States' obligations regarding Climate Change

(c) Plastic export bans

(d) Deep sea mining rights

Explanation: The ICJ began historic hearings to define the legal obligations of states to combat climate change and protect the environment for present and future generations.

#584

Which country announced its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) in 2024, joining other European nations?

(a) United Kingdom

(b) Russia

(c) China

(d) India

Explanation: The UK announced its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty in 2024, citing that the treaty's protection of fossil fuel investments interfered with its net-zero transition plans.

#585

In November 2025, Pakistan used 'Artificial Rain' technology to combat smog in which city?

(a) Karachi

(b) Lahore

(c) Islamabad

(d) Peshawar

Explanation: Following successful trials in previous years, the Punjab government again utilized artificial rain (cloud seeding) in November 2025 to temporarily reduce hazardous smog levels in Lahore.

#586

Which major river basin in South America experienced a historic drought in 2024/2025?

(a) Orinoco

(b) Amazon

(c) Paraná

(d) Magdalena

Explanation: The Amazon River basin faced an unprecedented drought in 2024 and 2025, with water levels dropping to record lows, isolating communities and killing freshwater dolphins.

#587

What is the 'Living Planet Report 2024' by WWF known for revealing?

(a) Increase in polar bear populations

(b) Catastrophic decline in global wildlife populations (73% decline since 1970)

(c) Discovery of 500 new species

(d) Stability of ocean ecosystems

Explanation: The WWF Living Planet Report 2024 revealed a catastrophic 73% average decline in monitored wildlife populations between 1970 and 2020.

#588

What is the 'High Seas Treaty' adopted in 2023/2024?

(a) A ban on all fishing

(b) An agreement to protect biodiversity in international waters beyond national jurisdiction

(c) A treaty to divide the ocean among nations

(d) A plan to mine the ocean floor

Explanation: The High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement) creates a legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction.

#589

Who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2024 for their foundational discoveries in machine learning with artificial neural networks?

(a) Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz

(b) John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton

(c) Alain Aspect and John Clauser

(d) Roger Penrose and Andrea Ghez

Explanation: The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for their foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks.

#590

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper for breakthroughs in which field?

(a) Lithium-ion batteries

(b) Quantum dots synthesis

(c) Protein structure design and prediction

(d) CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

Explanation: The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to David Baker for computational protein design, and to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for protein structure prediction (specifically the AlphaFold model).

#591

Which two scientists received the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of microRNA?

(a) Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun

(b) Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman

(c) David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian

(d) James Allison and Tasuku Honjo

Explanation: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun were awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

#592

Which organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2024 (often science-related due to nuclear disarmament)?

(a) Nihon Hidankyo

(b) World Food Programme

(c) ICAN

(d) Doctors Without Borders

Explanation: The Japanese organization Nihon Hidankyo, a grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2024 for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons.

#593

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recognized the 'AlphaFold' AI model. Which company developed it?

(a) OpenAI

(b) Google DeepMind

(c) Meta AI

(d) IBM Research

Explanation: The AlphaFold model, recognized in the 2024 Chemistry prize awarded to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper, was developed by Google DeepMind.

#594

In November 2025, ISRO launched which communication satellite using the LVM3 launch vehicle?

(a) CMS-03

(b) GSAT-24

(c) INSAT-4B

(d) RISAT-2

Explanation: ISRO launched the CMS-03 communication satellite on November 2, 2025, using the LVM3-M5 vehicle, aimed at enhancing communication capabilities.

#595

The 'Proba-3' mission, launched in late 2024, is a collaboration involving which space agency to demonstrate precise formation flying?

(a) NASA

(b) ESA (European Space Agency)

(c) CNSA (China)

(d) Roscosmos

Explanation: Proba-3 is an ESA mission launched in late 2024 to demonstrate high-precision formation flying of satellites, effectively creating a giant solar coronagraph in space.

#596

What is the primary function of the 'SPADEX' mission launched by ISRO in late 2024?

(a) Space Debris Removal

(b) Space Docking Experiment

(c) Solar Physics Analysis

(d) Soil Moisture Mapping

Explanation: SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) is an ISRO mission launched to demonstrate autonomous docking and berthing technologies in orbit, crucial for future space stations.

#597

Which satellite, launched in August 2024 by ISRO, carries payloads for Earth observation and disaster management?

(a) EOS-08

(b) EOS-06

(c) Cartosat-2

(d) RISAT-1

Explanation: EOS-08 (Earth Observation Satellite-08) was launched in August 2024 on the SSLV-D3 vehicle, carrying payloads for surveillance, disaster monitoring, and environmental analysis.

#598

Which country's 'Tianping' satellite series saw new launches in 2024/2025 for atmospheric calibration?

(a) Japan

(b) China

(c) Russia

(d) India

Explanation: The Tianping series of satellites are Chinese satellites used for calibration of ground-based radar equipment and atmospheric studies.

#599

What does the 'GSAT-N2' satellite, launched by SpaceX for ISRO in late 2024, primarily provide?

(a) Weather forecasting

(b) High-throughput communication services

(c) Spy/Reconnaissance

(d) Navigation signals

Explanation: GSAT-N2 is a high-throughput communication satellite designed to enhance broadband services and in-flight connectivity, launched by SpaceX on behalf of ISRO.

#600

Who won Pakistan's first-ever individual Olympic Gold medal at the Paris 2024 Games?

(a) Muhammad Waseem

(b) Arshad Nadeem

(c) Talha Talib

(d) Nooh Dastgir Butt

Explanation: Arshad Nadeem made history by winning Pakistan's first-ever individual Olympic Gold medal in the Men's Javelin Throw at the Paris 2024 Olympics.

November 2024 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions