#1301

According to the 27th Amendment, which military office shall stand abolished on November 27, 2025?

(a) Chief of Army Staff

(b) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

(c) Chief of Air Staff

(d) Naval Chief

Explanation: Article 243(5) stipulates that the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee shall stand abolished on that date [113].

#1302

What is the primary seat location of the Federal Constitutional Court established by the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, 2025?

(a) Karachi

(b) Lahore

(c) Islamabad

(d) Peshawar

Explanation: The Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has its permanent seat at Islamabad [49]. However, it may sit at other places as the Chief Justice of the FCC determines with the President's approval [50]. This court is central to the new judicial ecosystem established by the amendment [51].

#1303

Under the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, which high-ranking military post stands abolished as of November 27, 2025?

(a) Chief of the Army Staff

(b) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

(c) Director General of ISI

(d) Minister of Defence

Explanation: The amendment to Article 243 stipulates that the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee shall stand abolished with effect from November 27, 2025 [57]. This is part of a major alteration of the military command structure [58]. Responsibilities are being transferred within the defense forces [27].

#1304

As of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

(a) s of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

(b) 45

(c) 60

(d) 90

Explanation: The treaty opens a path to protect biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction and enters into force after 60 ratifications; by June 2025, 49 had ratified. ([High Seas Alliance](https://highseasalliance.org/treaty-ratification/table-of-countries/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Signature and Ratification Progress Table"))

#1305

According to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

(a) ccording to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

(b) 420 GW

(c) 700+ GW

(d) 1,000 GW

Explanation: REN21 reports the largest annual increase to date—over 700 GW—signaling accelerating momentum for renewables worldwide. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))

#1306

In August 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(a) ugust 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(b) Brazil

(c) Australia

(d) Spain

Explanation: Brazil crossed 34% from wind and solar while hydro output dipped, keeping fossil generation low and cutting power-sector emissions versus past drought years. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1307

The 2025 IEA update on low-emissions hydrogen cut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(a) 10%

(b) 25%

(c) ut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(d) 60%

Explanation: The IEA lowered its 2030 projection from ~49 Mt to ~37 Mt due to cancellations, cost pressures, and policy uncertainty, though committed capacity still grows. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1308

The global plastics treaty talks (INC-5.2, Geneva 2025) ended with:

(a) A final legally binding treaty

(b) Agreement to cap global plastic production immediately

(c) Collapse with no agreement

(d) Adoption of a voluntary code only

Explanation: Deep divisions—especially over production caps vs. downstream measures—prevented consensus, echoing the 2024 impasse at Busan. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))

#1309

The UN scheduled the Geneva 2025 plastics session after failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(a) fter failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(b) INC-5.1 Busan 2024

(c) INC-3 Nairobi 2023

(d) INC-2 Paris 2023

Explanation: After Busan stalled, UNEP set INC-5.2 for 5–14 Aug 2025 in Geneva to try to close remaining divides. ([UNEP - UN Environment Programme](https://www.unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic ..."))

#1310

Following COP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(a) Carbon capture hubs

(b) DSI benefit-sharing implementation

(c) OP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(d) Road building in forests

Explanation: In line with COP16 Decision 16/2, the fund is hosted by the Multi-Partner Trust Fund to channel resources associated with DSI benefits. ([United Nations](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/?p=115133&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Press Release | The Cali Fund launches in the margins of ..."))

#1311

Which statement best reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

(a) Coal use surged globally in 2024

(b) est reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

(c) Oil demand fell by 10% in 2024

(d) Nuclear generation collapsed in 2024

Explanation: IEA’s 2025 Global Energy Review covers 2024 data and confirms accelerating additions in renewables amid mixed fossil trends. ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Global Energy Review 2025 – Analysis - IEA"))

#1312

In 2025, which factor most constrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?

(a) Electrolyser over-supply

(b) Project cancellations and cost gaps vs. fossil H₂

(c) onstrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?

(d) Universal carbon pricing

Explanation: The IEA cited cancellations, higher electrolyser prices, and cheap fossil alternatives delaying final investment decisions. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1313

Brazil’s 2025 clean-power milestone occurred as which resource dipped to a four-year low share?

(a) Wind

(b) razil’s 2025 clean-power milestone occurred as which resource dipped to a four-year low share?

(c) Gas

(d) Solar

Explanation: Hydro’s reduced output created space met by rising wind and solar—collectively exceeding one-third of generation in August 2025. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1314

Which plastics-treaty issue most divided negotiators in 2024–2025?

(a) Banning all plastic bags

(b) Whether to cap plastic production and chemicals of concern

(c) Ocean cleanup technologies

(d) ivided negotiators in 2024–2025?

Explanation: A core split was upstream production limits versus focusing on waste management and design standards, contributing to Geneva’s collapse. ([IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin](https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiating-committee-inc5.2-summary?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Summary report 5–15 August 2025 - Earth Negotiations Bulletin"))

#1315

Which of these is true of the Nature Restoration Law implementation outlook (2024–2025)?

(a) No binding targets exist

(b) Targets are advisory only

(c) Implementation by Member States is key to meeting 2030/2040/2050 milestones

(d) The law replaces all Natura 2000 sites

Explanation: Analysts emphasize that ambitious targets require robust national plans and funding to deliver real ecosystem recovery. ([CAN Europe](https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2024/09/Nature-Restoration-Law-Essential-Progress-in-Biodiversity-and-Climate-Action-Implementation-will-be-key-v2-1.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Nature Restoration Law: Essential Progress in Biodiversity ..."))

#1316

During the CBAM transition (to end-2025), importers must primarily:

(a) Pay for CBAM certificates

(b) Report embedded emissions

(c) Purchase ETS allowances

(d) uring the CBAM transition (to end-2025), importers must primarily:

Explanation: The transitional phase builds data systems and methodologies ahead of paid compliance from 2026 onward. ([EcoVadis](https://ecovadis.com/regulations/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism-cbam/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) | EU Import ..."))

#1317

The BBNJ/High Seas Treaty achieved how many ratifications by June 2025?

(a) 20

(b) BNJ/High Seas Treaty achieved how many ratifications by June 2025?

(c) 49

(d) 75

Explanation: A mid-2025 wave of ratifications pushed the count to 49, with advocates urging states to reach 60 for entry into force. ([High Seas Alliance](https://highseasalliance.org/2025/06/09/huge-wave-of-ratifications-for-high-seas-treaty-marks-historic-progress-towards-entry-into-force/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "HUGE WAVE OF RATIFICATIONS FOR ..."))

#1318

The REN21 GSR 2025 highlighted which signal in the market?

(a) Renewables lost momentum in 2024

(b) Record-high additions and accelerating deployment

(c) No growth in solar PV

(d) Only wind grew

Explanation: The report credits policy support and cost declines for unprecedented capacity growth in 2024. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))

#1319

According to IEA 2025 hydrogen analysis, which country holds the largest electrolyser manufacturing share?

(a) ccording to IEA 2025 hydrogen analysis, which country holds the largest electrolyser manufacturing share?

(b) Germany

(c) China

(d) Japan

Explanation: The IEA notes China produced ~65% of global electrolyser capacity, though overcapacity and logistics may curb exports. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1320

Which statement best captures INC-5.2 (Geneva) dynamics in Aug 2025?

(a) Delegates swiftly adopted a binding treaty

(b) est captures INC-5.2 (Geneva) dynamics in Aug 2025?

(c) Only waste-management was debated

(d) Negotiations were canceled

Explanation: Earth Negotiations Bulletin reported limited progress on finance and scope (production, chemicals), with no final text emerging. ([IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin](https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiating-committee-inc5.2-summary?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Summary report 5–15 August 2025 - Earth Negotiations Bulletin"))

April 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions