#1641

Which advanced fighter jet, inducted by the PAF to counter Indian Rafales, saw increased deployments near the borders in 2025?

(a) F-16 Block 52

(b) JF-17 Block III

(c) J-10C (Vigorous Dragon)

(d) Mirage 5 ROSE

Explanation: The Chengdu J-10C, a 4.5-generation multi-role fighter, has become Pakistan's primary counter-measure against the Indian Air Force's Rafale jets. By 2025, the PAF had operationalized several squadrons of J-10Cs equipped with PL-15 beyond-visual-range (BVR) missiles, maintaining a credible air defense posture along the eastern border.

#1642

What technology did India test in 2024-2025 under 'Mission Divyastra' that altered the strategic balance in the region?

(a) Hypersonic Missiles

(b) MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle)

(c) Anti-Satellite Weapons

(d) Nuclear-powered Submarines

Explanation: In 2024, India successfully tested the Agni-V missile with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology. In 2025, the deployment of this technology meant a single missile could carry multiple warheads and hit different targets, forcing Pakistan to reconsider its 'Full Spectrum Deterrence' and defensive missile shielding.

#1643

Which Special Economic Zone (SEZ) under CPEC became a focal point for security concerns in 2025 following cross-border tension accusations?

(a) Dhabeji SEZ

(b) Rashakai SEZ

(c) Allama Iqbal Industrial City

(d) Gwadar Free Zone

Explanation: Rashakai SEZ in Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, saw increased security deployments in 2025. Pakistan frequently accused external actors of sponsoring instability to sabotage CPEC Phase II projects, leading to heightened military surveillance in the industrial corridors connecting the northern areas.

#1644

In 2025, Pakistan moved to formally integrate which paramilitary force into its frontline defense structure along the Line of Control (LoC)?

(a) Sindh Rangers

(b) Frontier Corps (FC)

(c) Northern Light Infantry (NLI) - Additional Wings

(d) Coast Guard

Explanation: The Frontier Corps (FC) saw a significant reorganization in 2025, with specialized wings being trained for conventional warfare roles. This was part of a broader strategy to manage the dual threat of border security along the LoC and counter-terrorism operations along the western border.

#1645

Which Indian state border with Pakistan saw the installation of 'Smart Fencing' using AI and infrared sensors in 2025?

(a) Punjab

(b) Rajasthan

(c) Gujarat

(d) All of the above

Explanation: By 2025, India had significantly expanded its 'Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System' (CIBMS) across the Punjab, Rajasthan, and Gujarat borders. This 'Smart Fence' uses thermal imagers, AI-driven surveillance, and ground sensors to monitor incursions and drone movements, which became a recurring issue in 2024-2025.

#1646

Which high-altitude tunnel, opened by India in late 2024/early 2025, enhanced their logistics near the border areas of Ladakh?

(a) Atal Tunnel

(b) Shinku La Tunnel

(c) Zojila Tunnel

(d) Lowari Tunnel

Explanation: The Shinku La Tunnel, providing all-weather connectivity to Ladakh, was a major infrastructure milestone. For Pakistan, this meant India's ability to mobilize troops and heavy armor toward the sensitive Northern Areas and the LoC would be significantly faster and more reliable regardless of weather conditions.

#1647

In 2025, Pakistan's 'NASR' (Hatf-IX) missile was highlighted in defense reviews as a deterrent against what Indian military doctrine?

(a) Sundarji Doctrine

(b) Cold Start Doctrine

(c) Pivot to East

(d) No First Use

Explanation: The NASR is a short-range, multi-tube ballistic missile system designed for tactical nuclear use. In 2025, Pakistan reaffirmed its role as a counter to India's 'Cold Start' doctrine—which involves rapid, limited conventional strikes—by providing a 'quick response' tactical deterrent.

#1648

Which maritime project did Pakistan and China fast-track in 2025 to increase naval presence in the Arabian Sea?

(a) Gwadar Desalination Plant

(b) Hangor-class Submarine Production at KSEW

(c) East Bay Expressway

(d) Ormara Airbase

Explanation: In 2025, the local construction of the Hangor-class (Type 039B) submarines at Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works (KSEW) reached a critical phase. These submarines, equipped with Air Independent Propulsion (AIP), are designed to counter the Indian Navy's expanding surface and underwater fleet in the Indian Ocean.

#1649

Which region was the site of the 'G-20' related tensions in 2023-2024 that continued to influence the diplomatic freeze in 2025?

(a) Ladakh

(b) Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir)

(c) Siachen

(d) Junagadh

Explanation: India's decision to host a G-20 tourism meeting in Srinagar in 2023 was strongly opposed by Pakistan. In 2025, the political fallout of this event continued to prevent any 'back-channel' diplomacy, with Pakistan insisting on a reversal of the 2019 status before any formal normalization could occur.

#1650

In 2025, which technology became the primary mode of 'asymmetric' border incursions reported by both sides?

(a) Tanks

(b) Drones (UAVs)

(c) Cavalry

(d) Submarines

Explanation: The use of drones for surveillance and small-scale drops (smuggling or propaganda) became a major security headache in 2025. Both India and Pakistan reported shooting down multiple small UAVs along the international border in Punjab and Rajasthan, leading to the deployment of dedicated anti-drone systems.

#1651

What is the name of Pakistan's indigenously developed armed drone that saw operational upgrades in 2025?

(a) Burraq

(b) Shahpar-II

(c) Uqab

(d) Ababeel

Explanation: The Shahpar-II is a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) armed UAV. By 2025, it was upgraded with more advanced satellite links and laser-guided munitions, providing the Pakistan Army with a cost-effective alternative for precision strikes near the border and in counter-insurgency roles.

#1652

Which major hydroelectric project in J&K did Pakistan object to in 2024-2025, claiming it violates the IWT?

(a) Tarbela

(b) Mangla

(c) Ratle Hydroelectric Plant

(d) Warsak

Explanation: Pakistan has long objected to the design of the Ratle and Kishenganga projects on the Chenab and Jhelum rivers respectively. In 2025, India's move to push ahead with construction despite Pakistani protests at the Court of Arbitration led to the current impasse over the treaty's modification.

#1653

In 2025, what was the status of the 'Kartarpur Corridor' amidst the diplomatic freeze?

(a) Permanently Closed

(b) Open for Pilgrims

(c) Converted to a military base

(d) Under construction

Explanation: Despite the severe diplomatic freeze and lack of trade/cricket, the Kartarpur Corridor remained operational in 2025 as a rare bridge for people-to-people contact. Both governments maintained the corridor for Sikh pilgrims, though security checks remained extremely stringent.

#1654

Which Pakistani missile, tested with a range of 140 km in 2021 and 400 km in late 2023, was deployed for coastal defense in 2025?

(a) Fattah-1 / Fattah-2

(b) Shaheen-1

(c) Ghauri

(d) Babur

Explanation: The Fattah-2 is a Guided Multi-Launch Rocket System (GMLRS). Its deployment in 2025 provides the Pakistan Army with the capability to hit high-value targets with precision at a range of 400 km, acting as a conventional deterrent against border build-ups.

#1655

Which international financial condition forced Pakistan to prioritize defense spending on 'maintenance' rather than 'new acquisitions' in the 2024-2025 budget?

(a) FATF Blacklist

(b) IMF Bailout conditions

(c) World Bank sanctions

(d) US Trade embargo

Explanation: The IMF's 2024-2025 Extended Fund Facility (EFF) required Pakistan to implement strict fiscal discipline. As a result, the 2025 defense budget focused on maintaining existing operational readiness and local indigenization projects (like JF-17) rather than high-cost imports from the West.

#1656

In 2025, which Indian organization was accused by Pakistan's Foreign Office of orchestrating 'targeted killings' on Pakistani soil?

(a) BCCI

(b) RAW (Research and Analysis Wing)

(c) ISRO

(d) RBI

Explanation: Throughout 2024 and 2025, Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs repeatedly claimed to have evidence of RAW's involvement in 'extra-judicial killings' within Pakistan. These allegations were part of a broader diplomatic war at the UN and other international forums, which India dismissed as propaganda.

#1657

Which bridge on the Indus River in Ladakh was a point of strategic concern for Pakistan in 2025 due to its ability to carry T-90 tanks?

(a) Attock Bridge

(b) Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DSDBO) bridges

(c) Lansdowne Bridge

(d) Sukkur Barrage

Explanation: The DSDBO road and its various heavy-load bridges are critical for India's defense of Ladakh. In 2025, the ability of these bridges to carry heavy T-90 Bhishma tanks was a concern for Pakistan's northern defense planning, as it implies a permanent heavy-armored presence near the Siachen and LoC gateway.

#1658

What is 'Project Azm' in the context of Pakistan's defense development in 2025?

(a) Construction of a new dam

(b) Development of a 5th Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA)

(c) A social welfare program

(d) A space exploration mission

Explanation: Project Azm is a strategic initiative by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) to develop a 5th-generation fighter and high-tech Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). In 2025, it was integrated into the 'Greenfield' Special Technology Zones to attract domestic R&D and reduce foreign dependence.

#1659

In 2025, which country remained Pakistan's largest defense partner, providing nearly 75% of its military imports?

(a) USA

(b) China

(c) Turkey

(d) Russia

Explanation: China remains Pakistan's 'all-weather' partner. By 2025, the relationship had deepened with the joint production of JF-17 Block III, J-10C maintenance, and the delivery of Hangor-class submarines and VT-4 tanks, filling the gap left by reduced US military aid.

#1660

Which Indian surface-to-air missile system, deployed near the border in 2024-2025, posed a challenge to PAF flights?

(a) Anza

(b) S-400 Triumf

(c) Stinger

(d) Patriot

Explanation: The S-400, acquired by India from Russia, has a long-range capability that covers a significant portion of Pakistani airspace from within Indian territory. In 2025, the presence of these batteries forced the PAF to develop more advanced Electronic Warfare (EW) and standoff weapon capabilities.

December 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions