#1301

Which decisive battle was fought between Nadir Shah and the Mughal army in February 1739?

(a) Battle of Panipat

(b) Battle of Plassey

(c) Battle of Karnal

(d) Battle of Buxar

Explanation: The Battle of Karnal was fought on February 24, 1739, resulting in a crushing defeat for the Mughals.

#1302

Wasim said to Naveed that he hadn’t met him since February the previous year.

(a) Wasim told Naveed, “You haven’t meeting me since February last year.”

(b) Wasim said to Naveed, “I haven’t met you since February last year.”

(c) Wasim told to Naveed, “I haven’t met him since February last year.”

(d) Wasim said, “Naveed, I haven’t meet you since February last year.”

Explanation: Reverse backshift: hadn’t met → haven’t met; the previous year → last year; pronouns he/him → I/you**. Other options have verb-form/syntax errors.

#1303

Under the 27th Constitutional Amendment, which new apex military office was established and occupied in late 2025?

(a) Supreme Commander of Armed Forces

(b) Chief of Defence Forces (CDF)

(c) Chief of Joint Operations

(d) Field Commander Pakistan

Explanation: The 27th Constitutional Amendment, enacted in November 2025, restructured Pakistan's military command by creating the post of Chief of Defence Forces (CDF). General Asim Munir was designated as the first holder of this office, which centralizes operational command over the Army, Navy, and Air Force, effectively replacing the role of the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC).

#1304

What is the designated tenure for the newly created Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) as per the 2025 notification?

(a) 3 Years

(b) 4 Years

(c) 5 Years

(d) 6 Years

Explanation: According to the official notification issued in December 2025 following the 27th Amendment, the tenure for the Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) is set at five years. This extended term contrasts with the traditional three-year tenure for service chiefs, aiming to ensure continuity and stability in the highest level of military command.

#1305

Who became the second military officer in Pakistan's history to be elevated to the rank of Field Marshal in 2025?

(a) General Raheel Sharif

(b) General Qamar Javed Bajwa

(c) General Asim Munir

(d) General Sahir Shamshad Mirza

Explanation: In 2025, General Asim Munir was promoted to the five-star rank of Field Marshal, becoming only the second officer in Pakistan's history to hold this rank after Field Marshal Ayub Khan. This promotion coincided with his appointment as the first Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) under the 27th Constitutional Amendment, granting him lifetime privileges and immunity.

#1306

The last British troops left India on February 28, 1948. They belonged to which regiment?

(a) The Black Watch

(b) Somerset Light Infantry

(c) Royal Gurkha Rifles

(d) Coldstream Guards

Explanation: The First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry was the last British Army unit to leave India.

#1307

The last British troops left India on February 28, 1948. They belonged to which regiment?

(a) The Black Watch

(b) Somerset Light Infantry

(c) Royal Gurkha Rifles

(d) Coldstream Guards

Explanation: The First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry was the last British Army unit to leave India.

#1308

Which new court was established by the Twenty-seventh Amendment (2025)?

(a) The Federal Shariat Court

(b) The Islamabad High Court

(c) The Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan

(d) The National Accountability Court

Explanation: Article 175(1) was amended to include the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan [85].

#1309

According to the 27th Amendment, which military office shall stand abolished on November 27, 2025?

(a) Chief of Army Staff

(b) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

(c) Chief of Air Staff

(d) Naval Chief

Explanation: Article 243(5) stipulates that the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee shall stand abolished on that date [113].

#1310

What is the primary seat location of the Federal Constitutional Court established by the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, 2025?

(a) Karachi

(b) Lahore

(c) Islamabad

(d) Peshawar

Explanation: The Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has its permanent seat at Islamabad [49]. However, it may sit at other places as the Chief Justice of the FCC determines with the President's approval [50]. This court is central to the new judicial ecosystem established by the amendment [51].

#1311

Under the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, which high-ranking military post stands abolished as of November 27, 2025?

(a) Chief of the Army Staff

(b) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

(c) Director General of ISI

(d) Minister of Defence

Explanation: The amendment to Article 243 stipulates that the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee shall stand abolished with effect from November 27, 2025 [57]. This is part of a major alteration of the military command structure [58]. Responsibilities are being transferred within the defense forces [27].

#1312

As of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

(a) s of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

(b) 45

(c) 60

(d) 90

Explanation: The treaty opens a path to protect biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction and enters into force after 60 ratifications; by June 2025, 49 had ratified. ([High Seas Alliance](https://highseasalliance.org/treaty-ratification/table-of-countries/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Signature and Ratification Progress Table"))

#1313

According to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

(a) ccording to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

(b) 420 GW

(c) 700+ GW

(d) 1,000 GW

Explanation: REN21 reports the largest annual increase to date—over 700 GW—signaling accelerating momentum for renewables worldwide. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))

#1314

In August 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(a) ugust 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(b) Brazil

(c) Australia

(d) Spain

Explanation: Brazil crossed 34% from wind and solar while hydro output dipped, keeping fossil generation low and cutting power-sector emissions versus past drought years. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1315

The 2025 IEA update on low-emissions hydrogen cut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(a) 10%

(b) 25%

(c) ut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(d) 60%

Explanation: The IEA lowered its 2030 projection from ~49 Mt to ~37 Mt due to cancellations, cost pressures, and policy uncertainty, though committed capacity still grows. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1316

The global plastics treaty talks (INC-5.2, Geneva 2025) ended with:

(a) A final legally binding treaty

(b) Agreement to cap global plastic production immediately

(c) Collapse with no agreement

(d) Adoption of a voluntary code only

Explanation: Deep divisions—especially over production caps vs. downstream measures—prevented consensus, echoing the 2024 impasse at Busan. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))

#1317

The UN scheduled the Geneva 2025 plastics session after failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(a) fter failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(b) INC-5.1 Busan 2024

(c) INC-3 Nairobi 2023

(d) INC-2 Paris 2023

Explanation: After Busan stalled, UNEP set INC-5.2 for 5–14 Aug 2025 in Geneva to try to close remaining divides. ([UNEP - UN Environment Programme](https://www.unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic ..."))

#1318

Following COP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(a) Carbon capture hubs

(b) DSI benefit-sharing implementation

(c) OP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(d) Road building in forests

Explanation: In line with COP16 Decision 16/2, the fund is hosted by the Multi-Partner Trust Fund to channel resources associated with DSI benefits. ([United Nations](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/?p=115133&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Press Release | The Cali Fund launches in the margins of ..."))

#1319

Which statement best reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

(a) Coal use surged globally in 2024

(b) est reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

(c) Oil demand fell by 10% in 2024

(d) Nuclear generation collapsed in 2024

Explanation: IEA’s 2025 Global Energy Review covers 2024 data and confirms accelerating additions in renewables amid mixed fossil trends. ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Global Energy Review 2025 – Analysis - IEA"))

#1320

In 2025, which factor most constrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?

(a) Electrolyser over-supply

(b) Project cancellations and cost gaps vs. fossil H₂

(c) onstrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?

(d) Universal carbon pricing

Explanation: The IEA cited cancellations, higher electrolyser prices, and cheap fossil alternatives delaying final investment decisions. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

February 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions

Which decisive battle was fought between Nadir Shah and the Mughal army in February 1739?

Wasim said to Naveed that he hadn’t met him since February the previous year.

Under the 27th Constitutional Amendment, which new apex military office was established and occupied in late 2025?

What is the designated tenure for the newly created Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) as per the 2025 notification?

Who became the second military officer in Pakistan's history to be elevated to the rank of Field Marshal in 2025?

The last British troops left India on February 28, 1948. They belonged to which regiment?

The last British troops left India on February 28, 1948. They belonged to which regiment?

Which new court was established by the Twenty-seventh Amendment (2025)?

According to the 27th Amendment, which military office shall stand abolished on November 27, 2025?

What is the primary seat location of the Federal Constitutional Court established by the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, 2025?

Under the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, which high-ranking military post stands abolished as of November 27, 2025?

As of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

According to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

In August 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

The 2025 IEA update on low-emissions hydrogen cut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

The global plastics treaty talks (INC-5.2, Geneva 2025) ended with:

The UN scheduled the Geneva 2025 plastics session after failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

Following COP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

Which statement best reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

In 2025, which factor most constrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?