July 2025 Edition
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July 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#1501
Which hydroelectric project on the Chenab River is currently being contested by Pakistan at the Hague-based Court of Arbitration as of 2024-2025?
(a) Salal Dam
(b) Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
(c) Mangla Dam
(d) Warsak Dam
Explanation: The 850 MW Ratle project is a major point of contention. Pakistan has raised objections to its design, specifically regarding the storage capacity and the speed at which India can manipulate water levels. In 2023, the World Bank allowed the simultaneous processes of a Neutral Expert and a Court of Arbitration to address the Ratle and Kishanganga disputes, highlighting the increasing complexity of water diplomacy.
#1502
Which hydroelectric project on the Chenab River is currently being contested by Pakistan at the Hague-based Court of Arbitration as of 2024-2025?
(a) Baglihar Dam
(b) Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
(c) Mangla Dam
(d) Warsak Dam
Explanation: The 850 MW Ratle project is a major point of contention. Pakistan has raised objections to its design, specifically regarding the storage capacity and the speed at which India can manipulate water levels. In 2023, the World Bank allowed the simultaneous processes of a Neutral Expert and a Court of Arbitration to address the Ratle and Kishanganga disputes, reflecting the high stakes of water diplomacy.
#1503
The 'Fitna al-Khawarij' is the official term used by the Pakistani state in 2024-2025 to describe which militant group based in Afghanistan?
(a) Al-Qaeda
(b) Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)
(c) ISIS-K
(d) Northern Alliance
Explanation: In 2024, the government and military officially adopted the term 'Fitna al-Khawarij' for the TTP. This narrative shift aims to delegitimize the group's religious credentials and highlight their role as internal destabilizers who misuse religion for terrorism. This remains a central point of diplomatic friction with the Afghan interim government, which Pakistan accuses of providing sanctuaries to the group.
#1504
Which city was declare South Asia's cleanest city in 2025, a point of pride often mentioned in regional diplomatic forums?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was officially ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. This achievement is part of the 'Green Pakistan' narrative, showcasing successful municipal management and environmental policies. It is often highlighted by the Foreign Office as a sign of the capital's functionality and safety, contrary to extremist-driven negative perceptions.
#1505
Pakistan launched which communication satellite in 2025 that supports the digital sovereignty of its border security and data sharing?
(a) PRSS-2
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-C
(d) PakSat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 communication satellite in 2025. This advanced satellite provides high-bandwidth connectivity needed for modern digital infrastructure. It also aids in secure communications for security agencies managing the complex borders with Afghanistan and India, reducing reliance on foreign space assets.
#1506
Which Pakistani official visited Washington in 2025 to attend the 'U.S.-Pakistan Counter-Terrorism Dialogue' to coordinate on regional threats?
(a) The President
(b) Senior security officials and the Foreign Minister
(c) The Mayor of Lahore
(d) The head of NADRA
Explanation: High-level security and diplomatic delegations from Pakistan visited Washington in 2025 for the CT Dialogue. These meetings focused on the shared threat of groups like ISIS-K and TTP operating from Afghanistan, signifying that counter-terrorism remains a functional pillar of Pak-U.S. ties despite other strategic differences.
#1507
In early 2025, the President of the UN General Assembly visited Pakistan and praised which project as a model for inter-faith harmony despite regional tensions?
(a) CPEC
(b) The Kartarpur Corridor
(c) BISP
(d) Thar Coal Project
Explanation: The President of the UNGA visited Pakistan in 2025 and lauded the Kartarpur Corridor. The project allows Indian Sikh pilgrims visa-free access to the final resting place of Guru Nanak in Pakistan. It is consistently recognized by the UN as a landmark initiative for 'Religious Diplomacy' and 'People-to-People' contact in a conflicted region.
#1508
What is the primary diplomatic stance of Pakistan on resuming trade with India as of late 2025?
(a) Ready to resume immediately
(b) Linked to the reversal of India's 2019 decision on Kashmir
(c) Banned permanently by the Constitution
(d) Only through Chinese intermediaries
Explanation: Pakistan's official stance remains that no normalization of ties, including the resumption of bilateral trade, can occur until India revisits its 2019 decision to revoke the special status of Kashmir. Islamabad views this as a prerequisite for a level playing field in any future negotiations and as a commitment to international law.
#1509
The 'Trans-Afghan Railway' project discussed in 2025 aims to connect Pakistan primarily with which landlocked neighbor?
(a) Kazakhstan
(b) Uzbekistan
(c) Tajikistan
(d) Turkmenistan
Explanation: The railway project (Termez–Kabul–Peshawar) is a trilateral initiative with Uzbekistan. It aims to provide Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states with access to the Arabian Sea via Pakistani ports like Gwadar and Karachi. This project is a pillar of Pakistan's 'Geo-economics' doctrine to move toward regional connectivity.
#1510
Which project on the Indus River is being discussed in 2025 as a potential site for a 'Small Modular Reactor' (SMR)?
(a) Tarbela Dam
(b) Diamer-Bhasha Dam
(c) Warsak Dam
(d) Rawal Dam
Explanation: In 2025, Pakistan has explored deploying SMRs at major project sites like Diamer-Bhasha. These reactors would provide localized, clean energy for construction and industrial zones, reflecting Pakistan's push for clean energy under its NDCs submitted to the UN.
#1511
The term 'Geo-economics', which Pakistan's foreign policy has pivoted toward in 2024-2025, is primarily about:
(a) Territorial expansion
(b) Leveraging geography for regional trade, transit, and connectivity
(c) Isolation from neighbors
(d) Building more missiles
Explanation: Geo-economics represents a shift from a security-centric to an economy-centric worldview. Pakistan aims to turn its location into a land-bridge connecting Central Asia, China, and the Gulf, making regional stability a prerequisite for its own prosperity.
#1512
The future of Pakistan's disputes with its neighbors in the 2025-2030 period is best summarized by which phrase?
(a) Total isolation
(b) Seeking peaceful resolution through multilateral engagement and Geo-economics
(c) Direct military conquest
(d) Abolishing the UN
Explanation: Pakistan's current strategy focuses on 'Multi-alignment.' By utilizing platforms like the SCO, OIC, and the UN, and applying for BRICS, Pakistan aims to manage its disputes while maximizing its economic and strategic options in a multi-polar world.
#1513
Which Pakistani city, declared as South Asia's cleanest city in 2025, serves as the administrative hub for coordinating the country's Afghan policy?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was officially ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. As the capital of Pakistan, it houses the National Command Authority (NCA), the Foreign Office, and the Strategic Plans Division, making it the central hub for the formulation and execution of Pakistan's Afghan policy and regional stability initiatives.
#1514
Pakistan launched which communication satellite in 2025 to enhance digital connectivity and surveillance along its western border?
(a) PRSS-2
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-C
(d) PakSat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 communication satellite in 2025 to bolster its digital sovereignty. This advanced multi-mission satellite provides high-bandwidth data links that are critical for secure communication among security agencies and for maintaining effective surveillance along the Durand Line to prevent the infiltration of militants.
#1515
Which trilateral railway project, prioritized in 2024-2025, aims to connect Pakistan and Uzbekistan via Afghanistan?
(a) The Silk Road Link
(b) The Trans-Afghan Railway
(c) The CPEC Extension
(d) The TAPI Express
Explanation: The Trans-Afghan Railway project (Termez–Mazar-e-Sharif–Kabul–Peshawar) is a high-priority initiative for Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan. In 2024 and early 2025, technical discussions were fast-tracked to provide landlocked Central Asian states with access to the Arabian Sea via Pakistani ports (Gwadar and Karachi), fulfilling Pakistan's 'Geo-economics' vision of regional connectivity.
#1516
Which official term is used by the Pakistani state in 2024-2025 to describe the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), often cited as a major hurdle in Pak-Afghan relations?
(a) Freedom Fighters
(b) Fitna al-Khawarij
(c) Separatists
(d) Mujahideen
Explanation: In 2024, the government and military of Pakistan officially adopted the term 'Fitna al-Khawarij' for the TTP. This narrative shift is designed to delegitimize the group's religious claims and highlight their role as internal destabilizers who misuse Islamic tenets for terrorism. Pakistan continues to demand that the interim Afghan government take decisive action against the sanctuaries used by this group on Afghan soil.
#1517
Who is the current Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations in New York as of late 2025?
(a) Maleeha Lodhi
(b) Munir Akram
(c) Zammanux Khan
(d) Inam-ul-Haq
Explanation: Ambassador Munir Akram is currently serving his second stint as Pakistan's Permanent Representative to the UN, having been reappointed in 2019. He is a seasoned diplomat who has also served as the President of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) twice. In 2024-2025, he has been a vocal advocate for debt relief for developing nations and a 'Loss and Damage' fund for climate-hit countries like Pakistan.
#1518
In 2025, which Pakistani city was ranked as South Asia's cleanest city, reflecting progress on the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 11?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was officially ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. This achievement is part of Pakistan's broader commitment to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). The recognition highlights the success of robust waste management systems and the preservation of green belts in the capital, projecting a modern and environmentally conscious image of Pakistan at the UN.
#1519
Which Pakistani communication satellite, launched in 2025, supports the UN's goals for bridging the digital divide?
(a) PRSS-1
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-1
(d) Paksat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 satellite in 2025 to enhance its digital infrastructure. This advanced multi-mission satellite provides high-speed internet and digital services, particularly in remote areas. This initiative aligns with the UN's Global Digital Compact, which aims to ensure that technology serves as an equalizer for developing nations in the global economy.
#1520
Pakistan’s 2024-2025 foreign policy in the UN regarding the 'Middle East' is characterized by its demand for:
(a) A one-state solution
(b) A sovereign Palestinian state based on 1967 borders with Al-Quds as its capital
(c) Joining the NATO alliance
(d) Complete neutrality without humanitarian aid
Explanation: Consistently since its inception, Pakistan has used the UN platform to advocate for the rights of Palestinians. In 2024 and 2025, Pakistan has been at the forefront of demanding an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and reiterating that regional peace is only possible through a two-state solution based on pre-1967 borders and UN resolutions.