#1641

Which country’s grid decarbonization progress in 2025 was noted for cutting power-sector emissions below prior drought years?

(a) Brazil

(b) South Africa

(c) ountry’s grid decarbonization progress in 2025 was noted for cutting power-sector emissions below prior drought years?

(d) Mexico

Explanation: Wind and solar growth reduced reliance on fossil generators even as hydro output sagged. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1642

The plastics treaty timeline in 2025 was characterized by:

(a) Early conclusion and entry into force

(b) Extra session scheduled then talks failed again in August

(c) haracterized by:

(d) Regional treaties replacing global talks

Explanation: After Busan, UNEP set Geneva INC-5.2; however, negotiations ended without agreement. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/un-sets-date-extra-session-finalize-plastics-treaty-2025-03-03/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "UN sets date for extra session to finalize plastics treaty"))

#1643

Which development did not occur by mid-2025?

(a) BBNJ ratifications surpassed 45

(b) Plastics treaty finalized

(c) COP29 set a new finance goal

(d) evelopment did not occur by mid-2025?

Explanation: Geneva talks collapsed without a final treaty; other listed events did occur. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))

#1644

Which of the following best summarizes the 2025 hydrogen market outlook?

(a) Strong FIDs, minimal cancellations

(b) est summarizes the 2025 hydrogen market outlook?

(c) Universal carbon pricing boosted demand

(d) Electrolyser prices halved

Explanation: The IEA emphasized cancellations/delays and policy uncertainty curbing momentum. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1645

Which invertebrate phylum has a 'mantle' that may secrete a shell?

(a) Arthropoda

(b) Mollusca

(c) Annelida

(d) Echinodermata

Explanation: The mantle is a unique fold of tissue that covers the visceral mass and creates a mantle cavity containing the gills or lungs.

#1646

Contaminated water from a septic tank may spread:

(a) septic tank may spread:

(b) Tuberculosis and leprosy

(c) AIDS and malaria

(d) Influenza and pneumonia

Explanation: Both cholera and typhoid spread through contaminated water. Tuberculosis, leprosy, and influenza spread differently. Community sanitation prevents outbreaks.

#1647

Where did the All India Muslim League hold its significant session in May 1924 under the presidency of Quaid-e-Azam?

(a) Karachi

(b) Bombay

(c) Lahore

(d) Delhi

Explanation: The Muslim League session was held in Lahore in May 1924. This session was crucial as it aimed to revive the League after a period of relative inactivity following the Khilafat Movement.

#1648

When was the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam established in Lahore?

(a) December 24, 1884

(b) October 17, 1875

(c) August 14, 1885

(d) March 23, 1890

Explanation: Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was established on December 24, 1884. It was founded in Lahore by a group of concerned Muslims to counter the influence of Christian missionaries and to provide quality education to Muslim children in Punjab.

#1649

Who was the founder and first president of the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam?

(a) Allama Iqbal

(b) Qazi Khalifa Hameed-ud-Din

(c) Nawab Salimullah Khan

(d) Maulana Zafar Ali Khan

Explanation: Qazi Khalifa Hameed-ud-Din laid the foundation of Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam and served as its first president. He was a dedicated leader who sought to protect the religious and educational interests of Muslims in the Punjab region.

#1650

Where did the male sector of Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam open its first institution in 1889?

(a) Mochi Gate

(b) Sheranwala Gate

(c) Lohari Gate

(d) Delhi Gate

Explanation: In 1889, the Anjuman opened its first male educational institution in the Sheranwala Gate area of Lahore. This was the beginning of a network of schools and colleges that would eventually form the backbone of Muslim education in Punjab.

#1651

Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was founded in which city?

(a) Karachi

(b) Lahore

(c) Peshawar

(d) Multan

Explanation: Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was founded in Lahore, Punjab. Lahore was a major center of cultural and political activity, and the Anjuman became the most influential Muslim socio-educational organization in Northern India.

#1652

The Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was a response to the activities of which group?

(a) The British Army

(b) Christian Missionaries

(c) The East India Company

(d) The Mughal Court

Explanation: The Anjuman was primarily a defensive response to the intense proselytizing activities of Christian missionaries in Punjab. It aimed to ensure that Muslim orphans and children were not converted and were educated in their own faith.

#1653

Who presided over the inaugural meeting of the London branch of the Muslim League on May 6, 1908?

(a) Sir Agha Khan

(b) Syed Ameer Ali

(c) John Morley

(d) Hussain Bilgrami

Explanation: Syed Ameer Ali presided over the inaugural meeting of the London Muslim League in 1908. This branch was crucial for lobbying the British Parliament and public, ensuring that the Muslim point of view was heard in the center of imperial power.

#1654

In May 1862, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was transferred to which city?

(a) Aligarh

(b) Ghazipur

(c) Benares

(d) Muradabad

Explanation: Sir Syed was transferred to Ghazipur on May 12, 1862. It was in Ghazipur that he founded the Scientific Society and established another school to promote modern learning.

#1655

Who was the President when Pakistan conducted its nuclear tests (Chagai-I) in May 1998?

(a) Farooq Leghari

(b) Rafiq Tarar

(c) Pervez Musharraf

(d) Nawaz Sharif

Explanation: Rafiq Tarar was the President in May 1998. While the decision-making was led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Tarar held the constitutional office of the President during this historic event.

#1656

Which Prime Minister was in power when Pakistan conducted its nuclear tests in Chagai in May 1998?

(a) Benazir Bhutto

(b) Nawaz Sharif

(c) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

(d) Pervez Musharraf

Explanation: Nawaz Sharif made the decision to conduct nuclear tests (Chagai-I and Chagai-II) in response to India's nuclear tests earlier that month. This action established Pakistan as a declared nuclear-weapon state.

#1657

The 2nd phase of local government elections in Sindh (2023) was particularly significant for which city's Mayoral election?

(a) Hyderabad

(b) Sukkur

(c) Karachi

(d) Larkana

Explanation: The 2023 Karachi local government elections and the subsequent election of the Mayor (Murtaza Wahab) were highly contested. It was the first time a PPP candidate became the Mayor of Karachi, a city historically dominated by the MQM and later contested by JI and PTI.

#1658

Who has the power to remove an elected Mayor or Chairman of a local government in the current provincial setups?

(a) The President of Pakistan

(b) The Provincial Government (under specific conditions/inquiry)

(c) The local SHO

(d) The Chief Justice

Explanation: Most provincial acts allow the Provincial Government to suspend or remove a local head if they are found guilty of misconduct or corruption following a formal inquiry. This power is often criticized as a tool for political victimization.

#1659

Who is the current Chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (as of 2025)?

(a) Asif Ali Zardari

(b) Bilawal Bhutto Zardari

(c) Bakhtawar Bhutto

(d) Yousaf Raza Gillani

Explanation: Bilawal Bhutto Zardari has been the Chairman of the PPP since 2007, following the assassination of his mother, Benazir Bhutto. He served as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 2022 to 2023.

#1660

Which party is currently leading the provincial government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (as of 2025)?

(a) ANP

(b) JUI-F

(c) PTI (backed by SIC)

(d) PML-N

Explanation: Following the 2024 elections, PTI-backed candidates who joined the SIC formed the provincial government in KP, with Ali Amin Gandapur as the Chief Minister.

May 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions