Osmotic Pressure and Reverse Osmosis

Both statements are incorrect. In osmosis, solvent moves from a dilute to a concentrated solution. In reverse osmosis, external pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the concentrated solution to force solvent into the dilute side. The source answer is correct as both provided statements are factually reversed.

The concentrated NaCl solution is hypertonic relative to the interior of the egg. Through the process of osmosis, water molecules move from the region of lower solute concentration (inside the egg) to the region of higher solute concentration (the salt solution) across the semi-permeable membrane, causing the egg to shrink.

Human blood is isotonic with a 0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride solution, often referred to as normal saline. This concentration matches the osmotic pressure of the intracellular and extracellular fluids in blood cells, preventing hemolysis or crenation when administered intravenously.

Isotonic solutions are defined as solutions that exhibit the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature. According to the van't Hoff equation for osmotic pressure (π = iCRT), if two solutions have the same osmotic pressure and are at the same temperature, they must have the same molar concentration of solute particles, assuming the van't Hoff factor (i) is accounted for.