Centrifugation Techniques

Cell fractionation relies on differential centrifugation, where organelles are separated based on their size, shape, and density. By placing the cell homogenate in a medium with a density gradient and applying centrifugal force, components move at different rates based on their mass and the resistance of the medium, allowing for the isolation of specific organelles.

Density gradient centrifugation is a sophisticated separation technique that utilizes a medium with a pre-established density gradient. When a sample is subjected to high-speed centrifugation, particles migrate through the medium until they reach a position where their density matches that of the surrounding solution. Because the rate of sedimentation is also influenced by the size and shape of the particle, both size and density are critical factors in the final separation.