Electrophoresis and Blotting Techniques

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) relies on the use of an enzyme-conjugated antibody. After binding to the target antigen, a substrate is added which the enzyme converts into a colored product, allowing for the quantitative or qualitative detection of the antigen or antibody in a sample.

Southern blotting is the technique used to detect specific DNA sequences in DNA samples. It involves the transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization, which is fundamental to DNA fingerprinting.

Fluorescent powders are specifically designed for forensic applications to detect latent fingerprints on surfaces with complex or multi-colored backgrounds. Under ultraviolet light, these powders fluoresce, providing high contrast against the background, which makes the ridge patterns of the fingerprints clearly visible for documentation and analysis.