The CSS (Central Superior Services) Exam MCQs
Topic Notes: The CSS (Central Superior Services) Exam
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
271
I will finish the project by tomorrow.
Answer:
The project will be finished by me by tomorrow.
**Rule**: A sentence in the Future Simple Tense is converted to passive voice using the structure: **Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the project' becomes the subject. The verb form 'will be finished' is the correct passive construction for the future simple tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Future Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'would' is an incorrect modal change.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
272
The critics panned the new movie.
Answer:
The new movie was panned by the critics.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Simple Past Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the new movie' becomes the subject. Since it is singular, 'was' is used, followed by the past participle 'panned'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
273
The cat had drunk all the milk.
Answer:
All the milk had been drunk by the cat.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Past Perfect Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'all the milk' becomes the subject. The verb form 'had been drunk' is the correct passive construction for the Past Perfect Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
274
The company did not approve the budget.
Answer:
The budget was not approved by the company.
**Rule**: For a negative sentence in the Simple Past Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + not + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the budget' becomes the subject. The passive verb form 'was not approved' correctly reflects the negative Simple Past tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
275
The committee will have to review the proposal again.
Answer:
The proposal will have to be reviewed again by the committee.
**Rule**: For sentences using the modal-like structure 'will have to', the passive form is **Object + will have to + be + V3**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the proposal' becomes the subject. The structure 'will have to be reviewed' is the correct passive form for the future necessity expressed by 'will have to'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This omits 'have to', changing the meaning from future necessity to a simple future action.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'would' is an incorrect modal change.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: 'will have been reviewed' is the passive form of the Future Perfect tense, not of 'will have to'.
276
The university had awarded him a scholarship.
Answer:
He had been awarded a scholarship by the university.
**Rule**: For a Past Perfect Tense sentence with two objects, either can become the subject. The passive structure is **Object + had + been + V3**.
- **Correct Answer (b)**: The indirect object 'him' becomes the subject 'He'. The verb form 'had been awarded' is the correct passive construction for the Past Perfect Tense. The direct object 'a scholarship' follows.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
277
The government was distributing aid to the victims.
Answer:
Aid was being distributed to the victims by the government.
**Rule**: For a sentence in the Past Continuous Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'aid' becomes the subject. Since 'aid' is uncountable, the singular verb 'was' is used, followed by 'being' and the past participle 'distributed'.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This completely changes the meaning of the sentence by making 'the victims' the doer of the action.
278
The guard refused him entry.
Answer:
Both a and b are correct.
**Rule**: For a Simple Past Tense sentence with two objects (indirect 'him' and direct 'entry'), either can become the subject of the passive sentence.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: Both (a) and (b) are correct passive transformations.
- In (a), the direct object 'Entry' becomes the subject. The passive verb is 'was refused', and the indirect object 'him' is preceded by 'to'.
- In (b), the indirect object 'him' becomes the subject 'He'. The passive verb is 'was refused', and the direct object 'entry' follows.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This is correct, but (b) is also a valid and common transformation.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This is correct, but (a) is also a valid transformation.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
279
The company had not approved the budget.
Answer:
The budget had not been approved by the company.
**Rule**: For a negative sentence in the Past Perfect Tense, the passive structure is **Object + had + not + been + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: The object 'the budget' becomes the subject. The verb form 'had not been approved' is the correct passive construction for a negative sentence in the Past Perfect Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
280
They were painting the house when I arrived.
Answer:
The house was being painted when I arrived.
**Rule**: In a complex sentence, only the clause with a transitive verb and object is changed to passive. The main clause 'They were painting the house' (Past Continuous) is passivized, while the subordinate clause 'when I arrived' remains unchanged.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the house' becomes the subject. The verb form 'was being painted' is the correct passive for the Past Continuous. The subordinate clause 'when I arrived' is correctly placed at the end.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Continuous.