Electron affinity is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom to form a negative ion. It reflects the tendency of an atom to accept an electron. In contrast, ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron, and electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a bond.
3452
Match the following elements with their respective periodic trends: List I (a) Smallest atomic radius, (b) Largest atomic radius, (c) Highest electron affinity, (d) Negative electron affinity. List II (1) Cs, (2) F, (3) Br, (4) Cl.
Fluorine (F) has the smallest atomic radius among these. Cesium (Cs) has the largest atomic radius. Chlorine (Cl) has the highest electron affinity. Bromine (Br) is a halogen with a negative electron affinity value in terms of energy release, though the terminology here refers to the specific periodic trends associated with these elements.
3453
Which of the following elements possesses the lowest electron affinity?
Noble gases like Argon have a completely filled valence shell (ns²np⁶), making them extremely stable. Consequently, they have no tendency to accept additional electrons, resulting in an electron affinity that is effectively zero or slightly positive, which is the lowest among these options.
3454
Which of the following elements exhibits the lowest first ionization energy?
Ionization energy generally decreases down a group as the valence electron is further from the nucleus and more shielded. Francium is located at the bottom of Group 1. While Cesium is also very low, Francium has a larger atomic radius, making its valence electron the easiest to remove.
3455
Which material exhibits electrical conduction properties?
Graphite is a good conductor of electricity due to its unique crystal structure, allowing electrons to move freely. This property makes graphite useful in various applications, including electrodes and electrical contacts.
3456
Alkali metals exhibit a particular property in their metallic characters as you move down the group. What is this property?
As you move down the alkali metal group, the metallic characters increase due to the decrease in ionization energy and the increase in atomic size, making it easier for electrons to be removed.
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Manual review recommended: automated enrichment was incomplete for this item. The original answer and options were preserved. No Gemini key is configured. Add GEMINI_API_KEY to the local server environment or save a Gemini provider key in Settings.
3459
When two carbon atoms share two electron pairs then they form
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3460
When an electron jumps into orbit 1, what series is obtained?
When an electron jumps from a higher energy level to the first energy level (orbit 1), it releases energy in the form of light, resulting in the Lyman series of spectral lines.
